Business Information Systems department, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
UQ Business School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2021 Mar 1;28(3):463-471. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa240.
The study sought to develop and empirically validate an integrative situational privacy calculus model for explaining potential users' privacy concerns and intention to install a contact tracing mobile application (CTMA).
A survey instrument was developed based on the extant literature in 2 research streams of technology adoption and privacy calculus. Survey participants (N = 853) were recruited from all 50 U.S. states. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to validate and test the model.
Individuals' intention to install a CTMA is influenced by their risk beliefs, perceived individual and societal benefits to public health, privacy concerns, privacy protection initiatives (legal and technical protection), and technology features (anonymity and use of less sensitive data). We found only indirect relationships between trust in public health authorities and intention to install CTMA. Sex, education, media exposure, and past invasion of privacy did not have a significant relationship either, but interestingly, older people were slightly more inclined than younger people to install a CTMA.
Our survey results confirm the initial concerns about the potentially low adoption rates of CTMA. Our model provides public health agencies with a validated list of factors influencing individuals' privacy concerns and beliefs, enabling them to systematically take actions to address these identified issues, and increase CTMA adoption.
Developing CTMAs and increasing their adoption is an ongoing challenge for public health systems and policymakers. This research provides an evidence-based and situation-specific model for a better understanding of this theoretically and pragmatically important phenomenon.
本研究旨在开发并实证验证一个综合情境隐私计算模型，以解释潜在用户对隐私问题的担忧以及安装接触者追踪移动应用程序（CTMA）的意愿。
该研究基于技术采用和隐私计算两个研究领域的现有文献开发了一个调查工具。从全美 50 个州招募了 853 名调查参与者。采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型对模型进行验证和测试。
个体安装 CTMA 的意愿受其风险信念、感知到的个人和社会对公共卫生的利益、隐私问题、隐私保护措施（法律和技术保护）以及技术功能（匿名性和使用较少敏感数据）的影响。我们发现，公众对公共卫生机构的信任与安装 CTMA 的意愿之间仅存在间接关系。性别、教育程度、媒体接触度和过去隐私受侵犯情况也没有显著关系，但有趣的是，老年人比年轻人更倾向于安装 CTMA。
我们的调查结果证实了人们最初对 CTMA 采用率可能较低的担忧。我们的模型为公共卫生机构提供了一个经过验证的影响个体隐私问题和信念的因素列表，使他们能够有系统地采取行动解决这些已确定的问题，并提高 CTMA 的采用率。
开发 CTMA 并提高其采用率是公共卫生系统和政策制定者面临的持续挑战。本研究提供了一个基于证据和具体情况的模型，有助于更好地理解这一理论和实践上都非常重要的现象。
