Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Division for Global Surveillance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Viruses. 2020 Nov 10;12(11):1287. doi: 10.3390/v12111287.
Norovirus infections are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, affecting people of all ages. There are 10 norovirus genogroups (GI-GX) that infect humans and animals in a host-specific manner. New variants and genotypes frequently emerge, and their origin is not well understood. One hypothesis is that new human infections may be seeded from an animal reservoir, as human noroviruses have occasionally been detected in animal species. The majority of these sequences were identified as older GII.4 variants, but a variety of other GIIs and GIs have been detected as well. While these sequences share at least 94% nt similarity with human strains, most of them are >98% identical to human strains. The fact that these strains were detected in animals after they had been detected through human surveillance to be already circulating in humans suggests human-to-animal transmission.
诺如病毒感染是全球急性胃肠炎的主要原因，影响所有年龄段的人群。有 10 种诺如病毒属（GI-GX）以宿主特异性的方式感染人类和动物。新的变异株和基因型经常出现，其起源尚不清楚。一种假设是，新的人类感染可能是由动物宿主引发的，因为在动物物种中偶尔会检测到人类诺如病毒。这些序列中的大多数被鉴定为较旧的 GII.4 变异株，但也检测到了多种其他的 GII 和 GI。虽然这些序列与人类株至少有 94%的 nt 相似性，但大多数与人类株的相似度>98%。这些病毒株在人类监测发现已经在人类中传播后才在动物中被检测到，这表明存在人际传播至动物的情况。
