Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2132, USA.
Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2132, USA.
Vaccine. 2020 Dec 3;38(51):8090-8098. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.013. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
In Latin America, the country of Ecuador was one of the first and most severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the demand for a COVID-19 vaccine in Ecuador by estimating individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for the vaccine, and by assessing the effect of vaccine attributes (duration of protection and efficacy) and individuals' characteristics on this valuation. The sample used (N = 1,050) was obtained through an online survey conducted from April 2 to April 7, 2020. Two levels of vaccine efficacy (70% and 98%) and two levels of vaccine duration of protection (1 and 20 years) were considered. The willingness to pay estimates were obtained using a double-bounded dichotomous-choice contingent valuation format. Survey results show that a very large proportion of individuals (at least 97%) were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and at least 85% of individuals were willing to pay a positive amount for that vaccine. Conservative estimates of the average WTP values ranged from USD 147.61 to 196.65 and the median WTP from USD 76.9 to 102.5. Only the duration of protection was found to influence individuals' WTP for the vaccine (p < 0.01). On average, respondents were willing to pay 30% more for a COVID-19 vaccine with 20 years of protection relative to the vaccine with 1 year of protection. Regression results show that WTP for the vaccine was associated with income, employment status, the perceived probability of needing hospitalization if contracting the virus causing COVID-19, and region of residence.
在拉丁美洲，厄瓜多尔是最早受到新冠疫情影响且受影响最严重的国家之一。本研究旨在通过估计个人对新冠疫苗的支付意愿（WTP），评估厄瓜多尔对新冠疫苗的需求，并评估疫苗属性（保护持续时间和疗效）和个人特征对这种估值的影响。使用的样本（N=1050）是通过 2020 年 4 月 2 日至 7 日进行的在线调查获得的。考虑了两种疫苗效力（70%和 98%）和两种疫苗保护持续时间（1 年和 20 年）。使用双边界二分选择条件价值评估格式获得支付意愿估计。调查结果表明，绝大多数个人（至少 97%）愿意接受新冠疫苗，至少 85%的个人愿意为该疫苗支付一定金额。平均 WTP 值的保守估计范围为 147.61 美元至 196.65 美元，中位数 WTP 值为 76.9 美元至 102.5 美元。只有保护持续时间被发现会影响个人对疫苗的 WTP（p<0.01）。平均而言，相对于保护持续时间为 1 年的疫苗，受访者愿意为保护持续时间为 20 年的新冠疫苗多支付 30%。回归结果表明，对疫苗的支付意愿与收入、就业状况、感染导致 COVID-19 的病毒时需要住院的感知概率以及居住地区有关。
