Department of Marketing Intelligence, Division Interpolis, Achmea Holding B.V., Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Department of Human Technology Interaction, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Risk Anal. 2021 Jun;41(6):929-943. doi: 10.1111/risa.13632. Epub 2020 Nov 17.
The effects of vulnerability, severity, costs, effort, and effectiveness on prevention behavior, derived from protection motivation theory and the health belief model, have been extensively tested in the literature and have all been shown to predict rather well. In this study we test the effects of these determinants in a new context: the domestic risk prevention domain. The specific behaviors under study are related to the risks of burglary, fire, and water damage. In addition to previous studies, our multilevel research design allows us to evaluate which differences in the performance of domestic prevention behavior can be attributed to differences between persons and which to differences between behaviors within persons. Our results show that all determinants are relevant predictors for domestic risk prevention behavior. Disentangling the within-person and between-person effects shows that prevention behavior depends more on the relative evaluation of the prevention behavior determinants for a given person (e.g., a person perceives a smoke alarm to be more effective than antiburglar strips), than on the differences between persons regarding the general perception of these determinants (e.g., some persons find prevention behaviors in general more effective than other persons). To increase the performance of domestic risk prevention behaviors, we advise that interventions should focus on increasing a person's perception of risks and prevention behaviors relative to other risks and prevention behaviors rather than focusing on changing people's general perceptions of all risks and behaviors or focusing on specific target groups.
脆弱性、严重性、成本、努力和效果对预防行为的影响源自保护动机理论和健康信念模型，已在文献中得到广泛验证，并且都被证明具有很好的预测能力。在本研究中，我们在一个新的背景下检验这些决定因素的影响：家庭风险预防领域。研究中具体的行为与盗窃、火灾和水损害的风险有关。除了之前的研究，我们的多层次研究设计还允许我们评估家庭预防行为表现的差异可以归因于人与人之间的差异，以及归因于个人内部行为之间的差异。我们的研究结果表明，所有决定因素都是家庭风险预防行为的相关预测因素。区分个体内和个体间的影响表明，预防行为更多地取决于个人对预防行为决定因素的相对评估（例如，一个人认为烟雾报警器比防盗条更有效），而不是取决于个人对这些决定因素的一般看法（例如，有些人比其他人更普遍地认为预防行为更有效）。为了提高家庭风险预防行为的效果，我们建议干预措施应侧重于提高个人对特定风险和预防行为的感知，而不是侧重于改变人们对所有风险和行为的一般看法，或者侧重于特定目标群体。
