Graeff Eliot, Maranzana Nicolas, Aoussat Améziane
Laboratory of Product Design and Innovation, LCPI, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology HESAM University, 151 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2020 Nov 18;5(4):62. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics5040062.
Facing current biomimetics impediments, recent studies have supported the integration within biomimetic teams of a new actor having biological knowledge and know-how. This actor is referred to as the "biomimetician" in this article. However, whereas biology is often considered a homogenous whole in the methodological literature targeting biomimetics, it actually gathers fundamentally different fields. Each of these fields is structured around specific practices, tools, and reasoning. Based on this observation, we wondered which knowledge and know-how, and so biological fields, should characterize biomimeticians. Following the design research methodology, this article thus investigates the operational integration of two biological fields, namely ecology and phylogenetics, as a starting point in the establishment of the biomimetician's biological tools and practices. After a descriptive phase identifying specific needs and potential conceptual bridges, we presented various ways of applying biological expertise during biomimetic processes in the prescriptive phase of the study. Finally, we discussed current limitations and future research axes.
面对当前仿生学的障碍，最近的研究支持在仿生团队中纳入一位具备生物学知识和技能的新成员。在本文中，这位成员被称为“仿生学家”。然而，在针对仿生学的方法论文献中，生物学通常被视为一个同质化的整体，而实际上它涵盖了根本不同的领域。这些领域中的每一个都是围绕特定的实践、工具和推理构建的。基于这一观察结果，我们思考哪些知识和技能，以及哪些生物学领域，应该是仿生学家的特征。因此，遵循设计研究方法，本文研究了两个生物学领域，即生态学和系统发育学的操作整合，以此作为建立仿生学家生物学工具和实践的起点。在描述阶段确定了具体需求和潜在的概念桥梁之后，我们在研究的规范阶段展示了在仿生过程中应用生物学专业知识的各种方法。最后，我们讨论了当前的局限性和未来的研究方向。
