Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
Demographic Research Centre, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2020 Nov;39(7):785-789. doi: 10.1111/dar.13167.
Within the global context, Eastern Europe has been repeatedly identified as the area with the highest levels of alcohol-related health harms. Although the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the Soviet Union collapsed soon afterwards, alcohol-related mortality in Eastern Europe remains far higher than in Western Europe. However, despite the high burden of alcohol harm and mortality in Eastern Europe, with the partial exception of Russia, relatively little is known about the country-specific impact of alcohol on health and mortality and the various policy responses to it. In response to this, an international symposium was held in Vilnius, Lithuania in June 2017 entitled Persisting burden of alcohol in Central and Eastern Europe: recent evidence and measurement issues. This special section of Drug and Alcohol Review is based on a selection of the papers presented at this symposium, providing for the first time a broad overview of the problem of alcohol-related mortality in a diverse range of Eastern European countries linked to a description and analysis of alcohol control initiatives that have been developed. While there is strong evidence of the influence of history, culture and education across European countries having a profound and persistent effect on differences in drinking patterns and preferences, there is, nevertheless, evidence that effective policy responses have been mounted in a range of countries.
在全球范围内，东欧一再被确定为与酒精相关的健康危害程度最高的地区。尽管 1989 年柏林墙倒塌，苏联随后也解体，但东欧的与酒精相关的死亡率仍然远远高于西欧。然而，尽管东欧的酒精危害和死亡率负担很高，但除了俄罗斯之外，相对而言，人们对酒精对健康和死亡率的具体影响以及针对这些影响的各种政策反应知之甚少。有鉴于此，2017 年 6 月在立陶宛维尔纽斯举行了一次国际研讨会，题为“中东欧地区持续存在的酒精负担：最新证据和衡量问题”。《药物和酒精评论》的这一特刊基于该研讨会提交的部分论文，首次全面概述了与描述和分析所制定的酒精控制举措相关的中东欧各国与酒精相关的死亡率问题。虽然有强有力的证据表明，历史、文化和教育在整个欧洲国家都对饮酒模式和偏好的差异产生了深远而持久的影响，但仍有证据表明，一系列国家已经采取了有效的政策应对措施。
