State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China.
Chemosphere. 2021 Mar;266:128989. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128989. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
Following the world-wide ban of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), which could potentially affect human health and ecosystem safety, have been frequently detected in various environmental media. However, the knowledge regarding the underlying toxicity effects of OPEs remains limited. In order to address these issues, this study reviewed the related reports which have been published in recent years. This analysis process included 12 OPEs, 10 model organisms, and 15 cell lines, which were used to systematically examine the mechanisms of endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity, as well as reproductive and developmental toxicity. Subsequently, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework of the toxicological effects of OPEs was built. The results demonstrated that multiple different pathways may lead to a single same adverse outcome (AO), and there was a certain degree of correlation among the different AOs. It was found that among all the 12 OPEs, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) may potentially be the most toxic. In addition, rather than the parent chemicals, the metabolites of OPEs may also have different degrees of toxicity effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Overall, the results of the present study also suggested that an AOP framework should be built via fully utilizing the existing toxicity data of OPEs based on in vivo-in vitro-in silico to completely and deeply understand the toxic mechanisms of OPEs. This improved knowledge could then provide a theoretical basis for ecological risk assessments and water quality criteria research in the near future.
在全球范围内禁止溴化阻燃剂 (BFRs) 之后，有机磷酸酯 (OPEs) 已被频繁检测到存在于各种环境介质中，其可能会对人类健康和生态系统安全造成影响。然而，目前对于 OPEs 的潜在毒性作用的了解仍然有限。为了解决这些问题，本研究对近年来发表的相关报告进行了综述。该分析过程包括 12 种 OPEs、10 种模式生物和 15 种细胞系，用于系统地研究内分泌干扰、神经毒性、肝毒性和心脏毒性以及生殖和发育毒性的机制。随后，构建了 OPEs 毒性作用的不良结局途径 (AOP) 框架。结果表明，多种不同的途径可能导致单一的相同不良结局 (AO)，并且不同的 AOs 之间存在一定程度的相关性。研究发现，在所有 12 种 OPEs 中，磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯 (TDCIPP) 可能是毒性最大的。此外，与母体化学物质相比，OPEs 的代谢物对水生生物和人类也可能具有不同程度的毒性作用。总的来说，本研究的结果还表明，应该通过充分利用现有的 OPEs 毒性数据，基于体内-体外-计算模型，构建 AOP 框架，以全面深入地了解 OPEs 的毒性机制。这些改进的知识可以为未来生态风险评估和水质标准研究提供理论基础。
