Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, South Korea; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, South Korea; Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea.
Biotechnol Adv. 2021 Dec;53:107677. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107677. Epub 2020 Dec 5.
Almost 40 years ago the first transgenic plant was generated through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which, until now, remains the method of choice for gene delivery into plants. Ever since, optimized Agrobacterium strains have been developed with additional (genetic) modifications that were mostly aimed at enhancing the transformation efficiency, although an optimized strain also exists that reduces unwanted plasmid recombination. As a result, a collection of very useful strains has been created to transform a wide variety of plant species, but has also led to a confusing Agrobacterium strain nomenclature. The latter is often misleading for choosing the best-suited strain for one's transformation purposes. To overcome this issue, we provide a complete overview of the strain classification. We also indicate different strain modifications and their purposes, as well as the obtained results with regard to the transformation process sensu largo. Furthermore, we propose additional improvements of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation process and consider several worthwhile modifications, for instance, by circumventing a defense response in planta. In this regard, we will discuss pattern-triggered immunity, pathogen-associated molecular pattern detection, hormone homeostasis and signaling, and reactive oxygen species in relationship to Agrobacterium transformation. We will also explore alterations that increase agrobacterial transformation efficiency, reduce plasmid recombination, and improve biocontainment. Finally, we recommend the use of a modular system to best utilize the available knowledge for successful plant transformation.
大约 40 年前，通过根瘤农杆菌介导的转化产生了第一株转基因植物，直到现在，它仍然是将基因导入植物的首选方法。从那时起，已经开发出了优化的根瘤农杆菌菌株，并进行了额外的（遗传）修饰，这些修饰主要旨在提高转化效率，尽管也存在一种优化的菌株可以减少不必要的质粒重组。因此，已经创建了一系列非常有用的菌株来转化各种各样的植物物种，但也导致了根瘤农杆菌菌株命名法的混乱。后者在选择最适合转化目的的菌株时往往具有误导性。为了解决这个问题，我们提供了根瘤农杆菌菌株分类的完整概述。我们还指出了不同的菌株修饰及其目的，以及关于广义转化过程的结果。此外，我们提出了对根瘤农杆菌介导的转化过程的进一步改进，并考虑了几种值得改进的方法，例如，通过在植物体内规避防御反应。在这方面，我们将讨论模式触发免疫、病原体相关分子模式检测、激素动态平衡和信号转导以及与根瘤农杆菌转化相关的活性氧。我们还将探讨增加农杆菌转化效率、减少质粒重组和改善生物控制的改变。最后，我们建议使用模块化系统来充分利用现有知识，以实现成功的植物转化。
