da Silva Dariane Trivisiol, Rodrigues Renata Fritzsche, Machado Natália Minuzzi, Maurer Luana Haselein, Ferreira Lauren Fresinghelli, Somacal Sabrina, da Veiga Marcelo Leite, Rocha Maria Izabel de Ugalde Marques da, Vizzotto Marcia, Rodrigues Eliseu, Barcia Milene Teixeira, Emanuelli Tatiana
Postgraduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2020 Dec;138(Pt A):109718. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109718. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
Blueberry is a polyphenol-rich fruit bearing great bioactive potential. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) emerged as putatively biocompatible solvents that could substitute for toxic organic solvents in the extraction of fruit phenolic compounds for developing nutraceuticals or functional foods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effects and the biocompatibility of a blueberry crude extract (CE) obtained using NADES and of the extract fractions (anthocyanin-rich fraction - ARF; non-anthocyanin phenolic fraction - NAPF) in a model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. CE was the NADES-containing, ready-to-use extract that was obtained using choline chloride:glycerol:citric acid NADES (0.5:2:0.5 M ratio). ARF and NAPF were the NADES-free fractions obtained by solid phase purification of CE and were investigated to identify the bioactive fraction responsible for the effects of CE. Animals were treated for 14 days with water, NADES vehicle, CE, ARF, NAPF or lansoprazole (intragastric) and then received ethanol to induce gastric ulcer. CE decreased ulcer index and preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa. The pretreatment with CE or ARF reduced glutathione depletion and the inflammatory response. All treatments, including NADES vehicle reduced protein oxidation and nitric oxide overproduction in ethanol-treated rats. Additionally, ARF increased short-chain fatty acids in feces. These findings suggest that NADES can be used to obtain biocompatible extracts of blueberry that exhibit gastroprotective effects with no need of solvent removal. The gastroprotective effects were mainly associated to ARF but NAPF and even NADES vehicle also contributed to some protective effects.
蓝莓是一种富含多酚的水果，具有巨大的生物活性潜力。天然深共熔溶剂（NADES）作为一种假定具有生物相容性的溶剂出现，可在提取水果酚类化合物以开发营养保健品或功能性食品时替代有毒有机溶剂。因此，本研究的目的是在大鼠乙醇诱导的胃溃疡模型中，研究使用NADES获得的蓝莓粗提物（CE）及其提取物组分（富含花青素的组分 - ARF；非花青素酚类组分 - NAPF）的胃保护作用和生物相容性。CE是使用氯化胆碱：甘油：柠檬酸NADES（0.5:2:0.5 M比例）获得的含NADES的即用型提取物。ARF和NAPF是通过CE的固相纯化获得的无NADES组分，对其进行研究以确定对CE的作用负责的生物活性组分。动物用水、NADES载体、CE、ARF、NAPF或兰索拉唑（胃内给药）处理14天，然后接受乙醇诱导胃溃疡。CE降低了溃疡指数并保持了胃黏膜的完整性。用CE或ARF预处理可减少谷胱甘肽消耗和炎症反应。所有处理，包括NADES载体，均降低了乙醇处理大鼠的蛋白质氧化和一氧化氮过量产生。此外，ARF增加了粪便中的短链脂肪酸。这些发现表明，NADES可用于获得具有胃保护作用且无需去除溶剂的蓝莓生物相容性提取物。胃保护作用主要与ARF相关，但NAPF甚至NADES载体也有一定的保护作用。
