Djaoudene Ouarda, Bachir-Bey Mostapha, Schisano Connie, Djebari Sabrina, Tenore Gian Carlo, Romano Anabela
Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria.
Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jan 31;13(2):181. doi: 10.3390/antiox13020181.
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) on the extraction of phytochemicals from eight Algerian date fruit cultivars ( L.). In this study, lactic acid/sucrose-based NADESs were used as an alternative to conventional chemical solvents using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. The obtained extracts were assessed for the determination of bioactive compound contents, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibitory potential. The results showed a considerable variation in phytochemical compositions and related activities between cultivars, where the greatest contents of total phenolics (1288.7 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoids (53.8 mg QE/100 g), proanthocyanidins (179.5 mg CE/g), and total triterpenoids (12.88 mg OAE/100 g) were detected in the fruits of the Ourous cultivar. The same cultivar displayed the highest antioxidant capacity against DPPH free radical (595 mg AAE/100 g), ABTS cation radical (839 mg TE/100 g), and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (704 mg AAE/100 g). All extracts manifested moderate antioxidant activities tested by phosphomolybdenum, NO, and linoleic acid lipid peroxidation assays. These extracts also exhibited interesting levels of in vitro enzyme inhibition; the Ourous cultivar gave the best inhibitory activity against α-amylase and acetylcholinesterase with 45 and 37%, respectively. HPLC-DAD-MS detected a total of five compounds, with phenolic acids and flavonoids being the main phenolics identified in the extract. The phenolic composition exhibited significant variability among cultivars. Notably, the highest amounts were revealed in the Tazizaout cultivar, with the predominance of gallic acid. The results confirmed that the combination of UAE and NADESs provides a novel and important alternative to chemical solvents for sustainable and environmentally friendly extraction and can represent a good alternative in food and pharmaceutical industry applications.
本研究旨在评估天然低共熔溶剂（NADESs）对从八个阿尔及利亚枣品种（L.）中提取植物化学物质的效果。在本研究中，基于乳酸/蔗糖的NADESs被用作传统化学溶剂的替代品，采用超声辅助提取（UAE）方法。对获得的提取物进行生物活性化合物含量、酚类成分、抗氧化活性和酶抑制潜力的测定。结果表明，不同品种之间植物化学成分和相关活性存在显著差异，其中在乌鲁斯品种的果实中检测到总酚（1288.7毫克没食子酸当量/100克）、总黄酮（53.8毫克槲皮素当量/100克）、原花青素（179.5毫克儿茶素当量/克）和总三萜（12.88毫克齐墩果酸当量/100克）的含量最高。同一品种对DPPH自由基（595毫克抗坏血酸当量/100克）、ABTS阳离子自由基（839毫克 Trolox当量/100克）和铁还原抗氧化能力（704毫克抗坏血酸当量/100克）表现出最高的抗氧化能力。通过磷钼酸、一氧化氮和亚油酸脂质过氧化试验测试，所有提取物均表现出中等抗氧化活性。这些提取物还表现出有趣的体外酶抑制水平；乌鲁斯品种对α-淀粉酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性最佳，分别为45%和37%。HPLC-DAD-MS共检测到五种化合物，其中酚酸和黄酮类是提取物中鉴定出的主要酚类物质。酚类成分在不同品种间表现出显著差异。值得注意的是，塔齐佐特品种中含量最高，以没食子酸为主。结果证实，UAE和NADESs的组合为可持续和环境友好型提取提供了一种新颖且重要的化学溶剂替代品，并且在食品和制药工业应用中可以是一个很好的选择。
