Jia Yun, Milne Richard I, Zhu Juan, Gao Lian-Ming, Zhu Guang-Fu, Zhao Gui-Fang, Liu Jie, Li Zhong-Hu
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China.
CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China.
Evol Appl. 2020 Jul 27;13(10):2646-2662. doi: 10.1111/eva.13064. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Many natural systems are subject to profound and persistent anthropogenic influence. Human-induced gene movement through afforestation and the selective transportation of genotypes might enhance the potential for intraspecific hybridization, which could lead to outbreeding depression. However, the evolutionary legacy of afforestation on the spatial genetic structure of forest tree species has barely been investigated. To do this properly, the effects of anthropogenic and natural processes must be examined simultaneously. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating phylogeography, population genetics, species distribution modeling, and niche divergence would permit evaluation of potential anthropogenic impacts, such as mass planting near-native material. Here, these approaches were applied to , a Chinese endemic coniferous tree species, that has been mass planted across its native range. Population genetic analyses showed that natural populations of comprised three lineages that diverged around the late Miocene, during a period of massive uplifts of the Hengduan Mountains, and intensification of Asian Summer Monsoon. Only limited gene flow was detected between lineages, indicating that each largely maintained is genetic integrity. Moreover, most or all planted populations were found to have been sourced within the same region, minimizing disruption of large-scale spatial genetic structure within . This might be because each of the three lineages had a distinct climatic niche, according to ecological niche modeling and niche divergence tests. The current study provides empirical genetic and ecological evidence for the site-species matching principle in forestry and will be useful to manage restoration efforts by identifying suitable areas and climates for introducing and planting new forests. Our results also highlight the urgent need to evaluate the genetic impacts of large-scale afforestation in other native tree species.
许多自然系统受到深远且持续的人为影响。人类通过造林和基因型的选择性迁移导致的基因流动可能会增加种内杂交的可能性，进而可能导致远交衰退。然而，造林对林木物种空间遗传结构的进化影响几乎未得到研究。要妥善进行此项研究，必须同时考察人为和自然过程的影响。一种整合系统发育地理学、种群遗传学、物种分布建模和生态位分化的多学科方法，将有助于评估潜在的人为影响，例如大规模种植近缘本地材料。在此，这些方法被应用于一种中国特有的针叶树种，该树种已在其原生范围内被大规模种植。种群遗传分析表明，该树种的自然种群由三个谱系组成，它们在中新世晚期分化，当时横断山脉大规模隆升，亚洲夏季风增强。在谱系之间仅检测到有限的基因流动，这表明每个谱系在很大程度上保持了其遗传完整性。此外，发现大多数或所有种植种群都来自同一地区，从而最大限度地减少了该树种内大规模空间遗传结构的破坏。这可能是因为根据生态位建模和生态位分化测试，三个谱系中的每一个都有独特的气候生态位。本研究为林业中的适地适树原则提供了遗传和生态方面的实证证据，对于通过确定引入和种植新森林的合适区域和气候来管理恢复工作将是有用的。我们的结果还凸显了迫切需要评估大规模造林对其他本地树种的遗传影响。
