Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2021 Jun;18(6):695-714. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1862792. Epub 2020 Dec 21.
Clay minerals are a class of silicates with chemical inertness, colloid, and thixotropy, which have excellent physicochemical properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and have high application potential in biomedical fields. These inorganic materials have been widely used in pharmaceutical excipients and active substances. In recent years, nanoclay mineral materials have been used as drug vehicles for the delivery of a variety of drugs based on their broad specific surface area, rich porosity, diverse morphology, good adsorption performance, and high ion exchange capacity.
This review introduces the structures, properties, and applications of various common natural and synthetic nanoclay materials as drug carriers. Natural nanoclays have different morphologies including nanoplates, nanotubes, and nanofibers. Synthetic materials have controllable sizes and flexible structures, where mesoporous silica nanoparticles, laponite, and imogolite are typical ones. These inorganic nanoparticles are often linked to polymers to form multifunctional drug delivery systems for better pharmaceutical performance.
The clay nanomaterials have typical properties, including enhanced solubility of insoluble drugs, targeting therapeutic sites, controlled release, and stimulation of responsive drug delivery systems.
粘土矿物是一类具有化学惰性、胶体和触变性的硅酸盐，具有优异的物理化学性质、良好的生物相容性、低毒性，在生物医学领域具有很高的应用潜力。这些无机材料已广泛应用于药物赋形剂和活性物质。近年来，纳米粘土矿物材料因其具有广阔的比表面积、丰富的孔隙率、多样的形态、良好的吸附性能和高离子交换能力，已被用作多种药物的药物载体。
本综述介绍了各种常见天然和合成纳米粘土材料作为药物载体的结构、性质和应用。天然纳米粘土具有纳米片、纳米管和纳米纤维等不同形态。合成材料具有可控的尺寸和灵活的结构，其中介孔硅纳米颗粒、拉蓬土和埃洛石是典型的例子。这些无机纳米粒子通常与聚合物结合形成多功能药物传递系统，以提高药物性能。
粘土纳米材料具有典型的特性，包括增加难溶性药物的溶解度、靶向治疗部位、控制释放和刺激响应性药物传递系统。
