J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2020 Jul 1;16(7):1045-1064. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2020.2963.
Black phosphorus (BP) is a new two-dimensional material with many unique properties, such as great biocompatibility, excellent surface activity, high carrier mobility, and tunable bandgap. Black phosphorus has been particularly attractive in sensor. However, black phosphorus isolated by traditional methods is easily oxidized and degraded by air, with poor stability, which limits its application as sensors. The modification and functionalization of black phosphorus enhance the stability, sensitivity, selectivity and biocompatibility of its application in sensor. This review describes recent progresses in sensor based on black phosphorus (2016-2020). Firstly, the structure and properties, synthesis methods, modification and functionalization of black phosphorus are briefly described. Then, the advancements in designing of various sensors based on black phosphorus are systematically provided, with a specific focus on electrochemical sensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors and photoelectrochemical sensors. Finally, latest challenges and further opportunities for developing new sensors with black phosphorus nanomaterial are discussed.
黑磷（BP）是一种具有许多独特性质的新型二维材料，例如极好的生物相容性、优异的表面活性、高载流子迁移率和可调带隙。黑磷在传感器中特别有吸引力。然而，传统方法分离的黑磷很容易被空气氧化和降解，稳定性差，限制了其在传感器中的应用。黑磷的修饰和功能化提高了其在传感器应用中的稳定性、灵敏度、选择性和生物相容性。本综述描述了基于黑磷（2016-2020 年）的传感器的最新进展。首先，简要描述了黑磷的结构和性质、合成方法、修饰和功能化。然后，系统地提供了基于黑磷设计各种传感器的进展，特别关注电化学传感器、电致化学发光传感器和光电化学传感器。最后，讨论了开发具有黑磷纳米材料的新型传感器的最新挑战和进一步机遇。
