Franke K, Bublak P, Hoyer D, Billiet T, Gaser C, Witte O W, Schwab M
Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Oct;117:142-164. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.002.
Brain aging is a major determinant of aging. Along with the aging population, prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, therewith placing economic and social burden on individuals and society. Individual rates of brain aging are shaped by genetics, epigenetics, and prenatal environmental. Biomarkers of biological brain aging are needed to predict individual trajectories of aging and the risk for age-associated neurological impairments for developing early preventive and interventional measures. We review current advances of in vivo biomarkers predicting individual brain age. Telomere length and epigenetic clock, two important biomarkers that are closely related to the mechanistic aging process, have only poor deterministic and predictive accuracy regarding individual brain aging due to their high intra- and interindividual variability. Phenotype-related biomarkers of global cognitive function and brain structure provide a much closer correlation to age at the individual level. During fetal and perinatal life, autonomic activity is a unique functional marker of brain development. The cognitive and structural biomarkers also boast high diagnostic specificity for determining individual risks for neurodegenerative diseases.
脑老化是衰老的主要决定因素。随着人口老龄化，神经退行性疾病的患病率不断上升，给个人和社会带来了经济和社会负担。个体脑老化速率受遗传、表观遗传和产前环境的影响。需要生物脑老化生物标志物来预测个体衰老轨迹以及与年龄相关的神经功能障碍风险，以便制定早期预防和干预措施。我们综述了预测个体脑年龄的体内生物标志物的当前进展。端粒长度和表观遗传时钟是与衰老机制密切相关的两个重要生物标志物，但由于其个体内和个体间的高度变异性，在个体脑老化方面的确定性和预测准确性较差。与表型相关的全球认知功能和脑结构生物标志物在个体水平上与年龄的相关性更强。在胎儿期和围生期，自主神经活动是脑发育的独特功能标志物。认知和结构生物标志物在确定神经退行性疾病的个体风险方面也具有很高的诊断特异性。
