Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Mar 25;268:113685. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113685. Epub 2020 Dec 11.
Herbal medicine in Russia has a long history starting with handwritten herbalist manuscripts from the Middle Ages to the officinal Pharmacopoeia of the 21st century. The "herbophilious" Russian population has accumulated a lot of knowledge about the beneficial effects of local medicinal plants. Yet, for a long time, Russian traditional and officinal herbal medicine was not well known to the international audience. In our previous comprehensive review, we discussed the pharmacological effects of specific plants included in the 11 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the USSR, which was also for a while used in Russia. The 14 edition of the Russian Federation's State Pharmacopoeia was implemented in 2018.
The aims of the present review are: (i) to trace the evolution of medicinal plant handling from handwritten herbalist manuscripts to Pharmacopoeias; (ii) to describe the modern situation with regulatory documents for herbal medicinal products and their updated classification; (iii) to summarize and discuss the pharmacology, safety, and clinical data for new plants, which are included in the new edition of the Pharmacopoeia.
New medicinal plants included in the 14th edition of the Russian Federation's State Pharmacopoeia were selected. We carefully searched the scientific literature for data related to traditional use, pharmacological, clinical application, and safety. The information was collected from local libraries in Saint-Petersburg, the online databases E-library.ru, Scopus, Web of Science, and the search engine Google scholar.
Investigating the evolution of all medicinal plants referred to in the Russian Pharmacopoeias led us to the identification of ten medicinal plants that were present in all editions of civilian Russian Pharmacopoeias starting from 1778. In the 14 edition of the modern Russian Pharmacopoeia, medicinal plants are described in 107 monographs. Altogether, 25 new monographs were included in the 14 edition, and one monograph was excluded in comparison to the 11 edition. Some of the included plants are not endemic to Russia and do not have a history of traditional use, or on the other hand, are widely used in Western medicine. For 15 plants, we described the specificity of their application in Russian traditional medicine along with the claimed dosages and indications in officinal medicine. The pharmacology, safety, and clinical data are summarized and assessed for nine plants, underlining their therapeutic potential and significance for global phytopharmacotherapy.
In this review, we highlight the therapeutical potential of new plants included in the modern edition of the Russian Pharmacopoeia. We hope that these plants will play an imperative role in drug development and will have a priority for future detailed research.
俄罗斯草药医学历史悠久，可追溯至中世纪手写草药师手稿，一直延续到 21 世纪的法定药典。“亲草药”的俄罗斯民众积累了大量关于当地药用植物有益功效的知识。然而，长期以来，俄罗斯传统草药医学和法定草药医学不为国际受众所熟知。在我们之前的全面综述中，我们讨论了列入苏联第 11 版药典的特定植物的药理学作用，该版药典也曾在俄罗斯使用。俄罗斯联邦第 14 版国家药典于 2018 年实施。
本综述的目的是：（i）追溯从手写草药师手稿到药典的药用植物处理的演变；（ii）描述草药药品监管文件的现状及其更新分类；（iii）总结和讨论列入新版药典的新植物的药理学、安全性和临床数据。
选择列入俄罗斯联邦第 14 版药典的新药用植物。我们仔细搜索了与传统用途、药理学、临床应用和安全性相关的科学文献数据。信息是从圣彼得堡当地图书馆、E-library.ru 在线数据库、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 搜索引擎收集的。
研究所有在俄罗斯药典中提到的药用植物的演变，使我们确定了十种药用植物，它们从 1778 年开始就存在于所有民用俄罗斯药典的各个版本中。在现代俄罗斯第 14 版药典中，药用植物在 107 项专论中进行了描述。总共，第 14 版包括 25 项新专论，与第 11 版相比，有一项专论被排除在外。其中一些植物不是俄罗斯特有的，也没有传统用途的历史，或者另一方面，在西药中广泛使用。对于 15 种植物，我们描述了它们在俄罗斯传统医学中的应用特点，以及在法定医学中的推荐剂量和适应症。总结和评估了九种植物的药理学、安全性和临床数据，强调了它们的治疗潜力和对全球植物药治疗学的重要性。
在本综述中，我们强调了列入现代俄罗斯药典的新植物的治疗潜力。我们希望这些植物将在药物开发中发挥重要作用，并将成为未来详细研究的优先事项。
