Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 16;15(12):e0239989. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239989. eCollection 2020.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations are a standard of care in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and are influenced by different factors. This study compared the LDL-C concentrations estimated by two different equations and determined their associations with inflammatory status, oxidative stress, anthropometric variables, food intake and DNA methylation levels in the LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR genes. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 236 adults (median age 37.5 years) of both sexes from the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The LDL-C concentrations were estimated according to the Friedewald and Martin equations. LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR gene methylation levels; malondialdehyde levels; total antioxidant capacity; ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, homocysteine, cobalamin, and folic acid levels; usual dietary intake; and epidemiological variables were also determined. For each unit increase in malondialdehyde concentration there was an increase in the LDL-C concentration from 6.25 to 10.29 mg/dL (p <0.000). Based on the Martin equation (≥70 mg/dL), there was a decrease in the DNA methylation levels in the ADRB3 gene and an increase in the DNA methylation levels in the MTHFR gene (p <0.05). There was a positive relation of homocysteine and cholesterol intake on LDL-C concentrations estimated according to the Friedewald equation and of waist circumference and age based on the two estimates. It is concluded the LDL-C concentrations estimated by the Friedewald and Martin equations were different, and the Friedewald equation values were significantly lower than those obtained by the Martin equation. MDA was the variable that was most positively associated with the estimated LDL-C levels in all multivariate models. Significant relationships were observed based on the two estimates and occurred for most variables. The methylation levels of the ADRB3 and MTHFR genes were different according to the Martin equation at low LDL-C concentrations (70 mg/dL).
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）浓度是预防心血管疾病的标准之一，其受到多种因素的影响。本研究比较了两种不同方程估算的 LDL-C 浓度，并确定了它们与炎症状态、氧化应激、人体测量学变量、饮食摄入以及 LPL、ADRB3 和 MTHFR 基因的 DNA 甲基化水平之间的关联。这是一项基于人群的横断面研究，共纳入了来自巴西帕拉伊巴州若昂佩索阿市的 236 名成年人（中位数年龄为 37.5 岁），其中包括男性和女性。根据 Friedewald 和 Martin 方程估算 LDL-C 浓度。还测定了 LPL、ADRB3 和 MTHFR 基因的甲基化水平、丙二醛水平、总抗氧化能力、超敏 C 反应蛋白、α-1-酸性糖蛋白、同型半胱氨酸、钴胺素和叶酸水平、常规饮食摄入以及流行病学变量。丙二醛浓度每增加一个单位，LDL-C 浓度就会从 6.25 增加到 10.29mg/dL（p<0.000）。根据 Martin 方程（≥70mg/dL），ADRB3 基因的 DNA 甲基化水平降低，MTHFR 基因的 DNA 甲基化水平升高（p<0.05）。Friedewald 方程估算的 LDL-C 浓度与同型半胱氨酸和胆固醇摄入量呈正相关，基于两种估计的 LDL-C 浓度与腰围和年龄呈正相关。综上所述，Friedewald 和 Martin 方程估算的 LDL-C 浓度不同，Friedewald 方程的值明显低于 Martin 方程。在所有多变量模型中，MDA 是与估计的 LDL-C 水平最正相关的变量。基于两种估计都观察到了显著的相关性，并且大多数变量都发生了相关性。Martin 方程估算的 LDL-C 浓度较低（70mg/dL）时，ADRB3 和 MTHFR 基因的甲基化水平不同。
