老年人抗阻训练后肌肉力量和大小适应性的性别差异：系统评价和荟萃分析。

Sex Differences in Adaptations in Muscle Strength and Size Following Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

机构信息

School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

出版信息

Sports Med. 2021 Mar;51(3):503-517. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01388-4.

BACKGROUND

Reductions in muscle size and strength occur with aging. These changes can be mitigated by participation in resistance training. At present, it is unknown if sex contributes to differences in adaptation to resistance training in older adults.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review was to determine if sex differences are apparent in adaptations to resistance training in older adults.

DESIGN

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

DATA SOURCES

Web of Science; Science Direct; SPORTDiscus; CINAHL; and MEDLINE were searched from inception to June 2020.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

Studies where males and females older than 50 years of age performed identical resistance training interventions and had outcome measures of muscle strength or size.

RESULTS

We initially screened 5337 studies. 30 studies (with 41 comparison groups) were included in our review (1410 participants; 651 males, 759 females). Mean study quality was 14.7/29 on a modified Downs and Black checklist, considered moderate quality. Females gained more relative lower-body strength than males (g = - 0.21 [95% CI - 0.33, - 0.10], p = 0.0003) but there were no differences in relative change for upper-body strength (g = - 0.29 [95% CI - 0.62, 0.04], p = 0.08) or relative muscle size (g = 0.10 [95% CI - 0.04, 0.23], p = 0.16). Males gained more absolute upper-body strength (g = 0.48 [95% CI 0.09, 0.88], p = 0.016), absolute lower-body strength (g = 0.33 [95% CI 0.19, 0.47], p < 0.0001), and absolute muscle size (g = 0.45 [95% CI 0.23, 0.66], p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Our results indicate that sex differences in adaptations to resistance training are apparent in older adults. However, it is evident that the interpretation of sex-dependent adaptations to resistance training is heavily influenced by the presentation of the results in either an absolute or relative context.

STUDY REGISTRATION

Open Science Framework (osf.io/afn3y/).

背景

肌肉大小和力量会随着年龄的增长而减少。通过参加抗阻训练可以减轻这些变化。目前，尚不清楚性别是否会导致老年人对抗阻训练的适应存在差异。

目的

本系统评价旨在确定老年人对抗阻训练的适应是否存在性别差异。

设计

系统评价和荟萃分析。

数据来源

Web of Science；Science Direct；SPORTDiscus；CINAHL；和 MEDLINE 从成立到 2020 年 6 月进行了检索。

入选标准

男性和女性年龄均大于 50 岁，进行相同的抗阻训练干预，并具有肌肉力量或大小的结果测量。

结果

我们最初筛选了 5337 项研究。30 项研究（41 个对照组）纳入本综述（1410 名参与者；651 名男性，759 名女性）。改良 Downs 和 Black 清单的平均研究质量为 14.7/29，被认为是中等质量。女性的下肢力量比男性增加得更多（g=-0.21[95%CI-0.33，-0.10]，p=0.0003），而上肢力量的相对变化没有差异（g=-0.29[95%CI-0.62，0.04]，p=0.08）或相对肌肉大小（g=0.10[95%CI-0.04，0.23]，p=0.16）。男性的上肢绝对力量（g=0.48[95%CI0.09，0.88]，p=0.016）、下肢绝对力量（g=0.33[95%CI0.19，0.47]，p<0.0001）和绝对肌肉大小（g=0.45[95%CI0.23，0.66]，p<0.0001）的增加幅度均大于女性。

结论

我们的结果表明，老年人对阻力训练的适应存在性别差异。然而，显然，以绝对或相对的形式呈现结果会严重影响对阻力训练的性别依赖性适应的解释。

研究注册

开放科学框架（osf.io/afn3y/）。