Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2021 Mar;101:260-281. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.08.025. Epub 2020 Sep 4.
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity. They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients (K) and different ionization constants (pK) resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency. A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances. This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years: from sampling to instrumental methods. Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation. A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required. Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logK (-7.53 to 10.80) were summed up. High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products, which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution. Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail. The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review, including sample matrix, target compounds characteristics, extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent. This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.
药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）及其相应的转化产物由于其持续的排放和潜在的毒性而引起了广泛的关注。它们具有较宽的辛醇-水分配系数（Kow）和不同的电离常数（pK），导致分析的准确性和效率较差。合适的分析方法是进一步研究其环境行为以确定优先物质的首要前提。本研究综述了近十年来环境样品的全分析方案：从采样到仪器方法。比较并推荐了被动采样技术，用于长期连续和科学观测。需要快速有效的样品提取和净化方法。总结了用于测定 logK 范围较宽（-7.53 至 10.80）的 PPCPs 的色谱-质谱联用方法。高分辨质谱被证实是筛选未知转化产物的一种很有前途的策略，它可以提供纳克级别的检测限和更准确的质量分辨率。详细总结了筛选策略和质量变化原理。在多污染物分析鉴定中，回收率很重要，本综述还讨论了影响 PPCPs 回收率的因素，包括样品基质、目标化合物特性、提取方法和固相吸附剂。本综述为选择合适的分析方法和未来的发展方向提供了有用的信息。
