Department of Food Toxicology and Replacement/Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, Institute for Food Toxicology, 460510University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
Altern Lab Anim. 2020 Sep-Nov;48(5-6):215-233. doi: 10.1177/0261192920974026. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
Farm animals play an important role in translational research as large animal models of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The mechanistic investigation of zoonotic diseases of the GI tract, in which animals can act as asymptomatic carriers, could provide important information for therapeutic approaches. In veterinary medicine, farm animals are no less relevant, as they can serve as models for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of GI diseases in the target species. However, farm animal-derived cell lines of the intestinal epithelium are rarely available from standardised cell banks and, in addition, are not usually specific for certain sections of the intestine. Immortalised porcine or bovine enterocytic cell lines are more widely available, compared to goat or sheep-derived cell lines; no continuous cell lines are available from the chicken. Other epithelial cell types with intestinal section-specific distribution and function, such as goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells and intestinal stem cells, are not represented in those cell line-based models. Therefore, intestinal organoid models of farm animal species, which are already widely used for mice and humans, are gaining importance. Crypt-derived or pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoid models offer the possibility to investigate the mechanisms of inter-cell or host-pathogen interactions and to answer species-specific questions. This review is intended to give an overview of cell culture models of the intestinal epithelium of farm animals, discussing species-specific differences, culture techniques and some possible applications for intestinal organoid models. It also highlights the need for species-specific pluripotent stem cell-derived or crypt-derived intestinal organoid models for promotion of the Three Rs principles (, and ).
家畜在胃肠道（GI）tract 的转化研究中作为大型动物模型起着重要作用。对胃肠道的人畜共患疾病的机制研究，动物可以作为无症状携带者，这可以为治疗方法提供重要信息。在兽医医学中，家畜也同样重要，因为它们可以作为目标物种 GI 疾病诊断和治疗方法发展的模型。然而，来自标准化细胞库的家畜衍生的肠上皮细胞系很少，并且通常也不是特定于肠的某些部分。与山羊或绵羊衍生的细胞系相比，更广泛地获得了永生化的猪或牛肠上皮细胞系；从鸡中没有获得连续的细胞系。其他具有肠段特异性分布和功能的上皮细胞类型，如杯状细胞、肠内分泌细胞、潘氏细胞和肠干细胞，在那些基于细胞系的模型中没有得到体现。因此，已经广泛用于小鼠和人类的家畜物种的肠类器官模型正在变得越来越重要。隐窝衍生或多能干细胞衍生的肠类器官模型提供了研究细胞间或宿主-病原体相互作用机制以及回答特定物种问题的可能性。本文旨在概述家畜肠上皮的细胞培养模型，讨论种间差异、培养技术以及肠类器官模型的一些可能应用。它还强调了需要针对特定物种的多能干细胞衍生或隐窝衍生的肠类器官模型，以促进三 R 原则（减少、替代和优化）。
