Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 16;12(12):3848. doi: 10.3390/nu12123848.
The present study aims to examine the differences in daily fruit and vegetable consumption in the working population in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using data from the 2017 National Health Survey ( = 10,700 workers aged between 18 and 65 years). The daily consumption of fruit and vegetables was evaluated using two items included in a food frequency questionnaire. Occupations were classified into the 17 main groups of the National Classification of Occupations of 2011 (CNO-11). The prevalence (P) of daily fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated in relation to sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, work-related characteristics and occupations. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association, with simple and adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). The P of daily consumption of fruit and vegetables in workers was 60% for fruit and 40% for vegetables. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors, workers working night or rotating shifts had a lower consumption of fruits (aOR:0.9; < 0.05), and those working on temporary contracts had a lower consumption of vegetables (aOR:0.8; < 0.05). Engineers, scientists, health care workers and teachers had the highest fruit consumption (74.5%) and the highest vegetable consumption (55.1%). The lowest consumption of fruits was presented by the military (42.3%) and unskilled workers in the service sector (45.8%), and the lowest consumption of vegetables was presented by skilled construction workers (25.5%). These findings could aid in workplace health promotion and could be used in future studies to evaluate the impact of the activities adopted.
本研究旨在研究西班牙工作人群中日常水果和蔬菜消费的差异。采用横断面研究设计，使用 2017 年全国健康调查（=10700 名年龄在 18 至 65 岁之间的劳动者）的数据。使用包含在食物频率问卷中的两个项目评估水果和蔬菜的日常摄入量。职业被分为 2011 年国家职业分类（CNO-11）的 17 个主要组。根据社会人口统计学特征、健康行为、与工作相关的特征和职业，计算每日水果和蔬菜消费的患病率（P）。使用简单和调整后的比值比（aOR）进行逻辑回归分析，以检验关联。工人每日水果和蔬菜的消费率分别为水果 60%和蔬菜 40%。在调整社会人口统计学特征和健康行为后，上夜班或轮班的工人水果摄入量较低（aOR：0.9；<0.05），临时工的蔬菜摄入量较低（aOR：0.8；<0.05）。工程师、科学家、医护人员和教师的水果摄入量最高（74.5%），蔬菜摄入量最高（55.1%）。军人（42.3%）和服务业非熟练工人（45.8%）的水果摄入量最低，熟练建筑工人（25.5%）的蔬菜摄入量最低。这些发现有助于促进工作场所的健康，并可在未来的研究中用于评估所采取活动的影响。
