Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Université Côte Azur, 06204 Nice, France.
Cells. 2020 Dec 24;10(1):15. doi: 10.3390/cells10010015.
Atherosclerotic lesions progress through the continued recruitment of circulating blood monocytes that differentiate into macrophages within plaque. Lesion-associated macrophages are the primary immune cells present in plaque, where they take up cholesterol and store lipids in the form of small droplets resulting in a unique morphology termed foam cell. Recent scientific advances have used single-cell gene expression profiling, live-cell imaging, and fate mapping approaches to describe macrophage and monocyte contributions to pro- or anti-inflammatory mechanisms, in addition to functions of motility and proliferation within lesions. Yet, many questions regarding tissue-specific regulation of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and the contribution of recruited monocytes at stages of atherosclerotic disease progression remain unknown. In this review, we highlight recent advances regarding the role of monocyte and macrophage dynamics in atherosclerotic disease and identify gaps in knowledge that we hope will allow for advancing therapeutic treatment or prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease.
动脉粥样硬化病变通过循环血液单核细胞的持续募集而进展，这些单核细胞在斑块内分化为巨噬细胞。病变相关的巨噬细胞是斑块中存在的主要免疫细胞，它们摄取胆固醇并以小滴的形式储存脂质，导致一种称为泡沫细胞的独特形态。最近的科学进展利用单细胞基因表达谱分析、活细胞成像和命运映射方法来描述巨噬细胞和单核细胞对促炎或抗炎机制的贡献，以及在病变中运动和增殖的功能。然而，关于单核细胞向巨噬细胞分化的组织特异性调节以及在动脉粥样硬化疾病进展阶段募集的单核细胞的贡献，仍有许多问题尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们强调了单核细胞和巨噬细胞动力学在动脉粥样硬化疾病中的作用的最新进展，并确定了我们希望能够推进心血管疾病治疗或预防策略的知识空白。
