GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany.
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
Mar Drugs. 2020 Dec 24;19(1):6. doi: 10.3390/md19010006.
It is widely accepted that the commensal gut microbiota contributes to the health and well-being of its host. The solitary tunicate emerges as a model organism for studying host-microbe interactions taking place in the gut, however, the potential of its gut-associated microbiota for marine biodiscovery remains unexploited. In this study, we set out to investigate the diversity, chemical space, and pharmacological potential of the gut-associated microbiota of collected from the Baltic and North Seas. In a culture-based approach, we isolated 61 bacterial and 40 fungal strains affiliated to 33 different microbial genera, indicating a rich and diverse gut microbiota dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. In vitro screening of the crude microbial extracts indicated their antibacterial (64% of extracts), anticancer (22%), and/or antifungal (11%) potential. Nine microbial crude extracts were prioritized for in-depth metabolome mining by a bioactivity- and chemical diversity-based selection procedure. UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics combining automated (feature-based molecular networking and in silico dereplication) and manual approaches significantly improved the annotation rates. A high chemical diversity was detected where peptides and polyketides were the predominant classes. Many compounds remained unknown, including two putatively novel lipopeptides produced by a sp. strain. This is the first study assessing the chemical and pharmacological profile of the cultivable gut microbiota of .
人们普遍认为，共生肠道微生物群有助于宿主的健康和幸福。独居樽海鞘是一种研究肠道中宿主-微生物相互作用的模式生物，然而，其肠道相关微生物群在海洋生物发现方面的潜力尚未得到开发。在这项研究中，我们着手研究从波罗的海和北海收集的 肠道相关微生物群的多样性、化学空间和药理学潜力。在基于培养的方法中，我们分离出了 61 株细菌和 40 株真菌，它们与 33 个不同的微生物属有关，表明肠道微生物群丰富多样，以γ变形菌为主。对粗微生物提取物的体外筛选表明，它们具有抗菌（64%的提取物）、抗癌（22%）和/或抗真菌（11%）的潜力。根据基于生物活性和化学多样性的选择程序，对 9 种微生物粗提取物进行了深入的代谢组学挖掘。基于 UPLC-MS/MS 的代谢组学结合自动（基于特征的分子网络和计算机去重）和手动方法显著提高了注释率。检测到高度的化学多样性，其中肽和聚酮类是主要类别。许多化合物仍然未知，包括一种 菌株产生的两种推测的新型脂肽。这是第一项评估 可培养肠道微生物群的化学和药理学特征的研究。
