Li Chengyan, Bilimoria Diana, Wang Yelin, Guo Xiaowei
Department of HRM, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Organizational Behavior, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 17;11:585803. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.585803. eCollection 2020.
This study, based on Bem's (1974) gender schema theory, investigates gender differences in and the relationship between gender role characteristics and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) of 261 female and 265 male entrepreneurs in China. The results show that male and female entrepreneurs did not differ significantly in ESE or in masculine gender role characteristics, but differed significantly in feminine gender role characteristics. Examining four different stages in the entrepreneurial life cycle, we find that for female entrepreneurs, feminine characteristics had a positive influence on ESE in the searching and planning stages of entrepreneurship, and masculine characteristics had a positive influence on ESE in the searching stage. For male entrepreneurs, feminine characteristics had a positive influence on ESE in the searching and planning stages, and masculine characteristics had a positive influence on ESE in the marshaling and implementing stages. In addition, one feminine characteristic, "Friendly," showed a positive association with male entrepreneurs' ESE in the marshaling stage. Overall, the feminine gender role factor of "Friendly" and the masculine gender role factor of "Compete" played a greater role on ESE than other characteristics. Implications of the findings are discussed. This study contributes a new perspective to extant research on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and female entrepreneurship.
本研究基于贝姆（1974）的性别图式理论，调查了中国261名女企业家和265名男企业家在性别角色特征方面的性别差异以及这些特征与创业自我效能感（ESE）之间的关系。结果表明，男、女企业家在创业自我效能感或男性性别角色特征方面没有显著差异，但在女性性别角色特征方面存在显著差异。通过考察创业生命周期的四个不同阶段，我们发现，对于女企业家而言，女性特质在创业的搜索和规划阶段对创业自我效能感有积极影响，而男性特质在搜索阶段对创业自我效能感有积极影响。对于男企业家来说，女性特质在搜索和规划阶段对创业自我效能感有积极影响，而男性特质在集结和实施阶段对创业自我效能感有积极影响。此外，一种女性特质“友好”在集结阶段与男企业家的创业自我效能感呈正相关。总体而言，“友好”这一女性性别角色因素和“竞争”这一男性性别角色因素对创业自我效能感的影响比其他特征更大。文中讨论了研究结果的意义。本研究为现有关于创业自我效能感和女性创业的研究提供了一个新的视角。
