Fostinelli Silvia, De Amicis Ramona, Leone Alessandro, Giustizieri Valentina, Binetti Giuliano, Bertoli Simona, Battezzati Alberto, Cappa Stefano F
Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Front Nutr. 2020 Dec 16;7:604488. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.604488. eCollection 2020.
Eating behavior can change during aging due to physiological, psychological, and social changes. Modifications can occur at different levels: (1) in food choice, (2) in eating habits, and (3) in dietary intake. A good dietary behavior, like the Mediterranean dietary pattern, can be a protective factor for some aging related pathologies, such as dementia, while a worse eating behavior can lead to pathological conditions such as malnutrition. Changes in eating behavior can also be linked to the onset of dementia: for some types of dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia, dietary changes are one of the key clinical diagnostic feature, for others, like Alzheimer's disease, weight loss is a clinical reported feature. For these reasons, it is important to be able to assess eating behavior in a proper way, considering that there are normal age-related changes. An adequate assessment of dietary behavior can help to plan preventive intervention strategies for heathy aging or can help to identify abnormal behaviors that underline aging related-diseases. In this review, we have analyzed normal age-related and dementia-related changes and the tools that can be used to assess eating behavior. Thus, we make recommendations to screening and monitoring eating behavior in aging and dementia, and to adopt these tools in clinical practice.
由于生理、心理和社会变化，饮食行为会在衰老过程中发生改变。这些改变可发生在不同层面：（1）食物选择，（2）饮食习惯，以及（3）饮食摄入量。良好的饮食行为，如地中海饮食模式，可能是某些与衰老相关疾病（如痴呆症）的保护因素，而较差的饮食行为则可能导致营养不良等病理状况。饮食行为的变化也可能与痴呆症的发病有关：对于某些类型的痴呆症，如额颞叶痴呆，饮食变化是关键的临床诊断特征之一；而对于其他类型，如阿尔茨海默病，体重减轻是临床报告的特征。出于这些原因，考虑到存在与年龄相关的正常变化，能够以适当方式评估饮食行为非常重要。对饮食行为进行充分评估有助于制定促进健康衰老的预防性干预策略，或有助于识别与衰老相关疾病相关的异常行为。在本综述中，我们分析了与年龄相关的正常变化和与痴呆症相关的变化，以及可用于评估饮食行为的工具。因此，我们就衰老和痴呆症患者饮食行为的筛查和监测以及在临床实践中采用这些工具提出建议。
