Sharma Richa, Gupta Deesha, Mehrotra Rekha, Mago Payal
Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110096, India.
Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Curr Microbiol. 2021 Feb;78(2):449-463. doi: 10.1007/s00284-020-02289-5. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
Psychobiotics are a special class of probiotics, which deliver mental health benefits to individuals. They differ from conventional probiotics in their ability to produce or stimulate the production of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, enteroendocrine hormones and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Owing to this potential, psychobiotics have a broad spectrum of applications ranging from mood and stress alleviation to being an adjuvant in therapeutic treatment for various neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. The common psychobiotic bacteria belong to the family Lactobacilli, Streptococci, Bifidobacteria, Escherichia and Enterococci. The two-way crosstalk between the brain and the gastrointestinal system is influenced by these bacteria. The neurons present in the enteric nervous system interact directly with the neurochemicals produced by microbiota of the gut, thereby influencing the signaling to central nervous system. The present review highlights the scope and advancements made in the field, enlisting numerous commercial psychobiotic products that have flooded the market. In the latter part we discuss the potential concerns with respect to psychobiotics, such as the effects due to withdrawal, compatibility with immunocompromised patients, and the relatively unregulated probiotic market.
精神益生菌是一类特殊的益生菌，能为个体带来心理健康益处。它们与传统益生菌的不同之处在于，能够产生或刺激神经递质、短链脂肪酸、肠内分泌激素和抗炎细胞因子的产生。由于具有这种潜力，精神益生菌有着广泛的应用范围，从缓解情绪和压力到作为各种神经发育和神经退行性疾病治疗的辅助手段。常见的精神益生菌细菌属于乳杆菌属、链球菌属、双歧杆菌属、大肠杆菌属和肠球菌属。大脑和胃肠道系统之间的双向交流受这些细菌影响。存在于肠神经系统中的神经元直接与肠道微生物群产生的神经化学物质相互作用，从而影响向中枢神经系统的信号传递。本综述强调了该领域的范围和进展，列举了大量充斥市场的商业精神益生菌产品。在后面部分，我们讨论了关于精神益生菌的潜在问题，如停药的影响、与免疫功能低下患者的兼容性以及相对缺乏监管的益生菌市场。
