Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Avenida General Ramón Corona 2514, 45138 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 19;12(12):3896. doi: 10.3390/nu12123896.
The gut-brain-microbiota axis consists of a bilateral communication system that enables gut microbes to interact with the brain, and the latter with the gut. Gut bacteria influence behavior, and both depression and anxiety symptoms are directly associated with alterations in the microbiota. Psychobiotics are defined as probiotics that confer mental health benefits to the host when ingested in a particular quantity through interaction with commensal gut bacteria. The action mechanisms by which bacteria exert their psychobiotic potential has not been completely elucidated. However, it has been found that these bacteria provide their benefits mostly through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the immune response and inflammation, and through the production of neurohormones and neurotransmitters. This review aims to explore the different approaches to evaluate the psychobiotic potential of several bacterial strains and fermented products. The reviewed literature suggests that the consumption of psychobiotics could be considered as a viable option to both look after and restore mental health, without undesired secondary effects, and presenting a lower risk of allergies and less dependence compared to psychotropic drugs.
肠-脑-微生物群轴由一个双边通讯系统组成，使肠道微生物能够与大脑相互作用，而大脑也能与肠道相互作用。肠道细菌会影响行为，抑郁和焦虑症状与微生物群的改变直接相关。益生菌是指当以特定数量通过与共生肠道细菌相互作用摄入时，赋予宿主心理健康益处的益生菌。细菌发挥其益生菌潜力的作用机制尚未完全阐明。然而，已经发现这些细菌主要通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴、免疫反应和炎症以及通过产生神经激素和神经递质来提供其益处。本综述旨在探讨评估几种细菌菌株和发酵产品的益生菌潜力的不同方法。综述文献表明，益生菌的摄入可以被认为是一种可行的选择，既能照顾又能恢复心理健康，没有不良的副作用，与精神药物相比，过敏风险更低，依赖性更小。
