Kawala-Sterniuk Aleksandra, Browarska Natalia, Al-Bakri Amir, Pelc Mariusz, Zygarlicki Jaroslaw, Sidikova Michaela, Martinek Radek, Gorzelanczyk Edward Jacek
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, 51001 Babylon, Iraq.
Brain Sci. 2021 Jan 3;11(1):43. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11010043.
Over the last few decades, the Brain-Computer Interfaces have been gradually making their way to the epicenter of scientific interest. Many scientists from all around the world have contributed to the state of the art in this scientific domain by developing numerous tools and methods for brain signal acquisition and processing. Such a spectacular progress would not be achievable without accompanying technological development to equip the researchers with the proper devices providing what is absolutely necessary for any kind of discovery as the core of every analysis: the data reflecting the brain activity. The common effort has resulted in pushing the whole domain to the point where the communication between a human being and the external world through BCI interfaces is no longer science fiction but nowadays reality. In this work we present the most relevant aspects of the BCIs and all the milestones that have been made over nearly 50-year history of this research domain. We mention people who were pioneers in this area as well as we highlight all the technological and methodological advances that have transformed something available and understandable by a very few into something that has a potential to be a breathtaking change for so many. Aiming to fully understand how the human brain works is a very ambitious goal and it will surely take time to succeed. However, even that fraction of what has already been determined is sufficient e.g., to allow impaired people to regain control on their lives and significantly improve its quality. The more is discovered in this domain, the more benefit for all of us this can potentially bring.
在过去几十年里，脑机接口已逐渐走向科学关注的核心。来自世界各地的许多科学家通过开发众多用于脑信号采集和处理的工具及方法，为这一科学领域的发展贡献了力量。若没有相应的技术发展为研究人员配备合适的设备，提供作为每项分析核心的、任何发现都绝对必需的东西——反映大脑活动的数据，如此显著的进展是无法实现的。共同的努力已将整个领域推进到这样一个阶段：通过脑机接口在人类与外部世界之间进行通信已不再是科幻小说，而是如今的现实。在这项工作中，我们展示了脑机接口最相关的方面以及在这个研究领域近50年历史中所取得的所有里程碑式成就。我们提到了该领域的先驱者，也强调了所有技术和方法上的进步，这些进步将极少数人能够获取和理解的东西转变为有可能给众多人带来惊人变革的事物。旨在全面了解人类大脑如何工作是一个非常宏伟的目标，肯定需要时间才能成功。然而，即使是已经确定的那一小部分内容，例如也足以让残障人士重新掌控自己的生活并显著提高生活质量。在这个领域发现得越多，它可能给我们所有人带来的益处就越多。
