Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
Indonesian Center for Agricultural Post Harvest Research and Development, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Jakarta 12540, Indonesia.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 2;26(1):196. doi: 10.3390/molecules26010196.
Hydrophobic curcumin in temulawak extract and hydrophilic betacyanin in red dragon fruit extract are high-value bioactive compounds with extensive applications in functional food. In this study, these extracts were encapsulated in water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) nanoemulsions as a delivery system using a two-step high-energy emulsification method. PGPR and Span 20 were used as lipophilic emulsifiers for the primary w/o emulsion. The most stable w/o/w formulation with the least oil phase separation of 5% / consisted of w/o emulsion (15% /) and Tween 80 (1.5% /) as hydrophilic emulsifier. The formulation was characterized by a 189-nm mean droplet diameter, 0.16 polydispersity index, and -32 mV zeta potential. The freeze-thaw stability may be attributed to the combination of low w/o emulsion content and high Tween 80 concentration in the outer water phase of the w/o/w nanoemulsions used in this study. The IC values of the nanoemulsion and the red dragon fruit extract were similar. It means that the higher concentration of curcumin in the nanoemulsions and the lower IC value of temulawak extract ensured sufficient antioxidant activities of the w/o/w nanoemulsions.
水苏碱提取物中的疏水性姜黄素和火龙果提取物中的亲水性甜菜红素是具有广泛应用的高价值生物活性化合物，可应用于功能性食品。在本研究中，这些提取物被包裹在水包油包水（w/o/w）纳米乳液中，作为一种输送系统，采用两步高能乳化法。PGPR 和 Span 20 被用作亲油性乳化剂，用于制备初级 w/o 乳液。最稳定的 w/o/w 配方，油相分离率最低为 5% /，由 w/o 乳液（15% /）和 Tween 80（1.5% /）作为亲水性乳化剂组成。该配方的特征为平均粒径为 189nm、多分散指数为 0.16、zeta 电位为-32mV。冻融稳定性可能归因于本研究中 w/o/w 纳米乳液的 w/o 乳液含量低和外水相 Tween 80 浓度高的结合。纳米乳液和火龙果提取物的 IC 值相似。这意味着纳米乳液中姜黄素的浓度更高，水苏碱提取物的 IC 值更低，这确保了 w/o/w 纳米乳液具有足够的抗氧化活性。
