Choińska Renata, Dąbrowska Katarzyna, Świsłocka Renata, Lewandowski Włodzimierz, Świergiel Artur H
Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2021;21(17):2544-2550. doi: 10.2174/1389557521666210105123834.
Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are one of the classes of hydroxy acids being beneficial for human health. The manuscript summarizes the biological properties of two popular members of AHAs, i.e., Mandelic Acid (MA) and Gallic Acid (GA), with particular emphasis on antimicrobial properties. Moreover, attempts to design new derivatives improving the natural properties of AHAs by using the chemical and physical approach are discussed.
Antimicrobial properties of MA, an arylalkyl AHA containing phenyl group attached to α- carbon, and GA, an aromatic trihydroxybenzoic acid containing the phenolic ring and carboxylic acid functional group, and their derivatives against common human and plant pathogenic fungi have been reviewed.
The antimicrobial activity of MA and GA is a complex phenomenon strictly correlated with other properties exhibited by these acids, e.g., pro-oxidative activity and hydrophobicity. In most cases, the acids derivatives exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the acids themselves. This is probably because of the higher lipophilicity of moiety that allows better penetration through the cell membrane.
MA and GA present an excellent health-promoting tool and are valuable starting materials for the design of new compounds such as metal complexes with alkali, or alkali earth metals. The lipophilic, antimicrobial, and pro-oxidative properties act synergistically, supporting the pharmacological and therapeutic effect of acids and their derivatives.
α-羟基酸（AHAs）是对人体健康有益的一类羟基酸。本文综述了AHAs中两种常见成员即扁桃酸（MA）和没食子酸（GA）的生物学特性，尤其着重于抗菌特性。此外，还讨论了通过化学和物理方法设计新衍生物以改善AHAs天然特性的尝试。
综述了MA（一种在α-碳上连接有苯基的芳基烷基AHA）、GA（一种含有酚环和羧酸官能团的芳香族三羟基苯甲酸）及其衍生物对常见人类和植物致病真菌的抗菌特性。
MA和GA的抗菌活性是一种复杂现象，与这些酸所表现出的其他特性（如促氧化活性和疏水性）密切相关。在大多数情况下，酸衍生物表现出比酸本身更高的抗菌活性。这可能是由于部分基团具有更高的亲脂性，使其能更好地穿透细胞膜。
MA和GA是出色的促进健康工具，也是设计新化合物（如与碱金属或碱土金属形成的金属配合物）的宝贵起始原料。亲脂性、抗菌性和促氧化特性协同作用，增强了酸及其衍生物的药理和治疗效果。
