LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 7;13(1):164. doi: 10.3390/nu13010164.
Studies comparing different types of exercise-based interventions have not shown a consistent effect of training on long-term weight maintenance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise modalities combined with diet intervention on body composition immediately after intervention and at 3 years' follow-up in overweight and obese adults. Two-hundred thirty-nine people (107 men) participated in a 6-month diet and exercise-based intervention, split into four randomly assigned groups: strength group (S), endurance group (E), combined strength and endurance group (SE), and control group (C). The body composition measurements took place on the first week before the start of training and after 22 weeks of training. In addition, a third measurement took place 3 years after the intervention period. A significant interaction effect (group × time) ( = 0.017) was observed for the fat mass percentage. It significantly decreased by 5.48 ± 0.65%, 5.30 ± 0.65%, 7.04 ± 0.72%, and 4.86 ± 0.65% at post-intervention for S, E, SE, and C, respectively. Three years after the intervention, the fat mass percentage returned to values similar to the baseline, except for the combined strength and endurance group, where it remained lower than the value at pre-intervention ( < 0.05). However, no significant interaction was discovered for the rest of the studied outcomes, neither at post-intervention nor 3 years later. The combined strength and endurance group was the only group that achieved lower levels of fat mass (%) at both post-intervention and 3 years after intervention, in comparison with the other groups.
比较不同类型运动干预的研究并未显示出训练对长期体重维持的一致影响。本研究旨在比较结合饮食干预的运动方式对超重和肥胖成年人干预后即刻和 3 年随访时身体成分的影响。239 人（107 名男性）参加了为期 6 个月的饮食和基于运动的干预，分为 4 个随机分配的组：力量组（S）、耐力组（E）、力量和耐力联合组（SE）和对照组（C）。身体成分测量在训练开始前的第一周和 22 周训练后进行。此外，在干预期结束 3 年后进行了第三次测量。观察到脂肪百分比的显著交互效应（组×时间）（ = 0.017）。S、E、SE 和 C 组在干预后分别显著降低了 5.48 ± 0.65%、5.30 ± 0.65%、7.04 ± 0.72%和 4.86 ± 0.65%。干预 3 年后，脂肪百分比恢复到与基线相似的值，除了力量和耐力联合组，其仍低于干预前的值（<0.05）。然而，在干预后和 3 年后，除了力量和耐力联合组外，其余研究结果均未发现显著的交互作用。与其他组相比，力量和耐力联合组是唯一在干预后和干预 3 年后均实现较低脂肪百分比（%）的组。
