Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
J Neurosci. 2021 Feb 3;41(5):813-822. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1655-20.2020. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
The sensory and cognitive abilities of the mammalian neocortex are underpinned by intricate columnar and laminar circuits formed from an array of diverse neuronal populations. One approach to determining how interactions between these circuit components give rise to complex behavior is to investigate the rules by which cortical circuits are formed and acquire functionality during development. This review summarizes recent research on the development of the neocortex, from genetic determination in neural stem cells through to the dynamic role that specific neuronal populations play in the earliest circuits of neocortex, and how they contribute to emergent function and cognition. While many of these endeavors take advantage of model systems, consideration will also be given to advances in our understanding of activity in nascent human circuits. Such cross-species perspective is imperative when investigating the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of early neocortical circuits in neurodevelopmental disorders, so that one can identify targets amenable to therapeutic intervention.
哺乳动物新皮层的感觉和认知能力是由一系列不同神经元群体组成的复杂柱状和层状回路支撑的。确定这些回路成分之间的相互作用如何产生复杂行为的一种方法是研究皮质回路在发育过程中是如何形成和获得功能的。这篇综述总结了新皮层发育的最新研究，从神经干细胞的遗传决定到特定神经元群体在新皮层早期回路中所扮演的动态角色，以及它们如何促进新兴功能和认知。虽然这些努力中的许多都利用了模型系统，但也将考虑到我们对新生人类回路活动的理解的进展。在研究神经发育障碍中早期新皮层回路功能障碍的机制时，这种跨物种的视角是至关重要的，以便能够确定可进行治疗干预的靶点。
