School of Nursing, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
School of Pharmacy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2021 Jul-Aug;59:45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.12.016. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
To expand on our 2015 study of the nicotine content accuracy of e-liquids, including salts, and the presence of child-resistant packaging. We also describe compounding in shop (CIS).
We analyzed samples from 35 shops. CIS processing was observed. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, and inference was performed.
Actual nicotine content was significantly less than the identified content, on average, with a mean percent deviation 34.0% below the identified content. Only 3.8% of the samples' actual nicotine content was within 10% of the identified content; the maximum deviation was 213.2%. Of eight uniquely packaged samples, including designs resembling pop cans, ice cream cones, etc., the mean percent deviation was -39.6%; none were within 10% of the identified content. Eight shops compounded samples. After removing outlier values, significant differences were found in the percent deviations between the CIS and non-CIS free-base samples. A significantly higher percentage of CIS samples had nicotine content > 10% above the identified content, and none were within 10%. One shop visually estimated the nicotine quantities to add, e-liquids were not always relabeled to reflect new nicotine levels, and protective materials were not always worn during compounding. Child-resistant packaging was not present for one third of the samples.
Labeling of nicotine content in e-liquids remains inaccurate, child-resistant packaging is inconsistent, and CIS is problematic. Effective e-liquid regulation is needed to protect public health.
Nurses should educate families about the serious health risks of e-liquids and advocate for increased e-liquid regulations.
扩展我们 2015 年关于电子液体（包括盐类）尼古丁含量准确性和防儿童开启包装的研究，并描述店铺中的混合（CIS）。
我们分析了 35 家店铺的样本，观察了 CIS 处理过程。使用描述性统计汇总数据并进行推断。
实际尼古丁含量明显低于标识含量，平均偏差为标识含量的 34.0%以下。只有 3.8%的样本实际尼古丁含量在标识含量的 10%以内；最大偏差为 213.2%。在包括模仿易拉罐、冰淇淋蛋筒等设计的 8 个独特包装的样本中，平均偏差为-39.6%；没有一个在标识含量的 10%以内。有 8 家店铺进行了样本混合。在去除离群值后，CIS 和非 CIS 游离碱样本之间的百分偏差存在显著差异。CIS 样本中尼古丁含量高于标识含量 10%以上的比例显著较高，且无一在 10%以内。有一家店铺目测添加的尼古丁量，电子液体并非总是重新贴标签以反映新的尼古丁水平，且在混合过程中并非始终穿戴防护材料。有三分之一的样本没有防儿童开启包装。
电子液体尼古丁含量的标签仍然不准确，防儿童开启包装不一致，CIS 存在问题。需要有效的电子液体监管来保护公众健康。
护士应向家庭宣传电子液体的严重健康风险，并倡导加强电子液体监管。
