Sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of nurses handling cytostatic agents.

A cohort study of 29 nurses who constantly handled cytostatic drugs, and 29 controls matched according to sex and age, was carried out between 1983 and 1986. Cytogenetic damage was assessed by sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations. No significant increase in mean number of SCE was found for nurses (7.37) as compared to matched controls (7.00), whereas a significant excess of SCE (p less than 0.001) was observed for smokers (8.23) as compared to non-smokers (6.75). The number of SCE was studied in relation to the amount and nature of cytostatics handled as well as to the duration of exposure. A significant association (p less than 0.05) was found between individual mean number of SCE and the total number of drugs handled after adjustment for confounding factors. In contrast, the number of SCE was not significantly related to the nature of drugs handled or to the duration of exposure. With regard to chromosomal damage, no significant difference was observed between nurses and controls in gap, break, dicentric and translocation frequencies.