Katona Austin, Riewe Caroline, Bruzina Angela, Ollberding Nicholas J, Ankrom Mary, Divine Jon, Mangine Robert, Peairs Abigail
Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020 Sep 28;5(4):72. doi: 10.3390/jfmk5040072.
Body composition plays a key role in overall health and sports performance and its assessment is an important part of many athletic programs. The purpose of this study was to describe longitudinal changes in body composition for collegiate female soccer players in order to provide data to inform future training and nutrition interventions for this population. A linear mixed-model (LMM) approach was used to analyze four years of pre- and post-season body composition data, including total mass, fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, and body fat percentage (%BF) for 49 athletes. Athletes gained an average of 0.5 kg FFM during the season ( < 0.05) and increased total mass, FFM, fat mass, and %BF (2.5 kg, 1.1 kg, 1.7 kg, and 1.7%, respectively; < 0.05) over four years. Freshmen experienced a 1.5 kg gain in total mass pre- to post-season ( < 0.05), while no changes in total mass or body composition were seen in other grade levels. Gains in %BF during the off season between Freshman and Sophomore years represented negative changes in body composition that should be addressed further. These results can help interdisciplinary athlete care teams optimize training programs in this population by understanding what changes are expected over multiple years. Normalizing these changes may also help the promotion of realistic body composition goals and the development of positive training and dietary habits.
身体成分在整体健康和运动表现中起着关键作用，其评估是许多体育项目的重要组成部分。本研究的目的是描述大学女子足球运动员身体成分的纵向变化，以便提供数据，为该人群未来的训练和营养干预提供参考。采用线性混合模型（LMM）方法分析了49名运动员四年的赛季前和赛季后身体成分数据，包括总体质量、去脂体重（FFM）、脂肪量和体脂百分比（%BF）。运动员在赛季中平均增加了0.5千克去脂体重（<0.05），并且在四年中总体质量、去脂体重、脂肪量和体脂百分比分别增加了2.5千克、1.1千克、1.7千克和1.7%（<0.05）。大一新生在赛季前到赛季后总体质量增加了1.5千克（<0.05），而其他年级的总体质量或身体成分没有变化。大一和大二学年的休赛期体脂百分比增加代表了身体成分的负面变化，需要进一步关注。这些结果可以帮助跨学科的运动员护理团队通过了解多年来预期的变化，优化该人群的训练计划。将这些变化标准化也可能有助于促进现实的身体成分目标，并培养积极的训练和饮食习惯。
