Perrotta Andrew S, Day Brent D, Correa Camila J, Scott Anika J, Ramos Jennifer, Gnatiuk Elizabeth A, Warburton Darren E R
Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Human Performance and Health, Windsor, ON, Canada.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Mar 11;6:1353129. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1353129. eCollection 2024.
Collegiate coaches and integrative support staff often utilize pre-season as a brief and intense training period to prepare athletes technically, tactically, and physiologically, to meet the demands of competition during a soccer season. This study sought to examine the dose-response from performing on-field soccer activities during a four-week pre-season period in female collegiate soccer players, and if the magnitude in response was associated with accumulated exercise stress.
A total of twenty-seven healthy female soccer players training as part of a collegiate soccer program volunteered to participate in this two-year longitudinal study. Data collection commenced prior to the start of each pre-season period, at the beginning of August, and was completed at the beginning of September, when pre-season ended. Data collection periods were separated by a 31-day period. Indices of cardiovascular function, anthropometry, and athletic performance were examined during each data collection period. Internal and external measures of accumulated exercise stress were recorded using the Polar Team Pro® system.
When comparing the beginning to the end of pre-season, significant improvements were observed in body fat (%) [24.2 ± 6.0 "vs." 23.3 ± 5.6, = 0.001], heart rate variability (rMSSD) [51.8 ± 25.1 "vs." 67.9 ± 34.6 ms, = 0.002], resting heart (bpm) [73.8 ± 12.1 "vs." 64.3 ± 8.8, = 0.001] and cardiorespiratory performance (YoYo IRTL-1) [925.8 ± 272.8 "vs." 1,062.6 ± 223.3 m, = 0.001]. Significant reductions in musculoskeletal performance were observed through vertical jump height (cm) [24.9 ± 23.7, = 0.04]. Change in the end of pre-season body weight (kg) was significantly associated with accumulated accelerations and decelerations [ ≥ 0.49, = 0.01]. End of pre-season change in cardiorespiratory performance was significantly associated with both accumulated training load (au) and TRIMP (au) [ ≥ 0.63, = 0.01].
In conclusion, performing a four-week pre-season period, involving only on-field training, can promote positive and significant adaptations in anthropometry, cardiovascular function, and athletic performance measures in female collegiate soccer players. The magnitudes of these adaptations were associated with both internal and external measures of accumulated exercise stress.
大学教练和综合支持人员通常将季前赛作为一个短暂而高强度的训练期，从技术、战术和生理方面让运动员做好准备，以满足足球赛季比赛的要求。本研究旨在考察女子大学足球运动员在为期四周的季前赛期间进行场上足球活动的剂量反应，以及反应程度是否与累积运动压力相关。
共有27名作为大学足球项目一部分进行训练的健康女足球运动员自愿参加了这项为期两年的纵向研究。数据收集在每个季前赛开始前的8月初开始，并在9月初季前赛结束时完成。数据收集期相隔31天。在每个数据收集期检查心血管功能、人体测量学和运动表现指标。使用Polar Team Pro®系统记录累积运动压力的内部和外部测量值。
与季前赛开始时相比，季前赛结束时身体脂肪百分比[24.2±6.0“对”23.3±5.6，P = 0.001]、心率变异性（rMSSD）[51.8±25.1“对”67.9±34.6毫秒，P = 0.002]、静息心率（bpm）[73.8±12.1“对”64.3±8.8，P = 0.001]和心肺功能（YoYo IRTL-1）[925.8±272.8“对”1062.6±223.3米，P = 0.001]有显著改善。通过垂直跳跃高度（厘米）观察到肌肉骨骼性能有显著下降[24.9±23.7，P = 0.04]。季前赛结束时体重（千克）的变化与累积加速和减速显著相关[P≥0.49，P = 0.01]。季前赛结束时心肺功能的变化与累积训练负荷（au）和TRIMP（au）均显著相关[P≥0.63，P = 0.01]。
总之，仅进行为期四周的涉及场上训练的季前赛，可以促进女子大学足球运动员在人体测量学、心血管功能和运动表现指标方面产生积极且显著的适应性变化。这些适应性变化的程度与累积运动压力的内部和外部测量值均相关。
