Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 15;18(2):698. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020698.
As a result of mass media development, disaster-related information, such as the severity of damage, can be easily shared; thus, the issue of consequent indirect trauma has become as important as that of direct trauma. This study developed a scale to measure the degree of indirect trauma caused by media exposure to social disasters and then verified this scale's reliability and validity. Initial items were developed through a literature review; 39 items were selected by examining their content validity and conducting a pretest. To verify the scale's validity and reliability, exploratory factor analyses were conducted, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated. The explanatory power of the screening scale developed through this study was 62.2%. The scale was ultimately composed of three factors comprising 24 items. Through exploratory factor analyses, factors were identified as "psychological, physical, and behavioral responses to social disasters" (factor 1), "moral resentment due to social disasters" (factor 2), and "a sense of threat to life due to social disasters" (factor 3). Regarding internal reliability, Cronbach's alpha values ranged between 0.85 and 0.96. Future studies with expanded participant populations are suggested, which could further verify the scale's validity and reliability and complement its shortcomings.
由于大众媒体的发展，灾害相关信息，如破坏的严重程度，可以很容易地被共享；因此，间接创伤的问题变得与直接创伤一样重要。本研究开发了一种测量媒体对社会灾难的暴露所导致的间接创伤程度的量表，并验证了该量表的信度和效度。初始项目是通过文献回顾开发的；通过检查内容效度和进行预测试，选择了 39 个项目。为了验证量表的有效性和可靠性，进行了探索性因素分析，并计算了克朗巴赫的α系数。本研究开发的筛选量表的解释力为 62.2%。该量表最终由包含 24 个项目的三个因素组成。通过探索性因素分析，确定了三个因素，分别为“对社会灾难的心理、生理和行为反应”（因素 1）、“因社会灾难而产生的道德义愤”（因素 2）和“因社会灾难而产生的对生命的威胁感”（因素 3）。关于内部信度，克朗巴赫的α值在 0.85 到 0.96 之间。建议未来进行更广泛的参与者群体研究，可以进一步验证量表的有效性和可靠性，并弥补其不足之处。
