Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FV.Sc and A.H, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir, 190016, India.
Department of Life Science, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 19;11(1):1766. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81471-6.
Pashmina goat (Capra hircus) is an economically important livestock species, which habitats the cold arid desert of the Ladakh region (India), and produces a princely animal fiber called Pashmina. The Pashmina goat has a double coat fleece as an adaptation to the very harsh cold winters the outer long coarse hair (guard hair) produced from primary hair follicles and the inner fine Pashmina fiber produced from secondary hair follicles. Pashmina fiber undergoes a circannual and synchronized growth cycle. In the present study, we analyzed transcriptome profiles from 10 different Pashmina goats during anagen and telogen to delineate genes and signaling pathways regulating active (anagen) and regressive (telogen) phases of the follicle growth. During anagen, 150 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels with log (FC) > 2 and p < 0.05. The RNA seq results were subjected to qRT-PCR validation. Among the nine genes selected, the expression of HAS1, TRIB2, P2RX1. PRG4, CNR2, and MMP25 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the anagen phase, whereas MC4R, GIPC2, and CDO1 were significantly expressed (p < 0.05) in the telogen phase which supports and validates the gene expression pattern from the RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes revealed that Pashmina fiber initiation is largely controlled by signaling pathways like Wnt, NF-Kappa, JAK-STAT, Hippo, MAPK, Calcium, and PI3K-Akt. Expression of genes from the Integrin family, Cell adhesion molecules, and ECM-receptors were observed to be at much higher levels during anagen. We identified key genes (IL36RN, IGF2, ITGAV, ITGA5, ITCCR7, CXCL5, C3, CCL19, and CXCR3) and a collagen cluster which might be tightly correlated with anagen-induction. The regulatory network suggests the potential role of RUNX3, NR2F1/2, and GATA family transcription factors in anagen-initiation and maintaining fiber quality in Pashmina goats.
帕米尔山羊（Capra hircus）是一种经济上重要的家畜物种，栖息在拉达克地区（印度）寒冷干旱的沙漠中，产生活性极高的动物纤维，称为帕米尔山羊绒。帕米尔山羊有双层羊毛，这是对其非常恶劣的寒冷冬季的适应，外层是由初级毛囊产生的长而粗糙的毛发（护毛），内层是由次级毛囊产生的细帕米尔山羊绒。帕米尔山羊绒经历一个年周期和同步生长周期。在本研究中，我们分析了 10 只不同的帕米尔山羊在生长期和休止期的转录组谱，以描绘调节毛囊生长活跃（生长期）和退行（休止期）阶段的基因和信号通路。在生长期，150 个基因的表达水平显著升高，对数（FC）>2，p<0.05。RNA 测序结果进行 qRT-PCR 验证。在选择的 9 个基因中，HAS1、TRIB2、P2RX1、PRG4、CNR2 和 MMP25 的表达在生长期显著升高（p<0.05），而 MC4R、GIPC2 和 CDO1 在休止期显著表达（p<0.05），这支持并验证了 RNA 测序的基因表达模式。差异表达基因表明，帕米尔山羊绒的起始主要受 Wnt、NF-Kappa、JAK-STAT、Hippo、MAPK、钙和 PI3K-Akt 等信号通路控制。在生长期，整联蛋白家族、细胞粘附分子和 ECM 受体的基因表达水平观察到更高。我们鉴定了关键基因（IL36RN、IGF2、ITGAV、ITGA5、ITCCR7、CXCL5、C3、CCL19 和 CXCR3）和一个胶原簇，它们可能与生长期诱导密切相关。调控网络表明，RUNX3、NR2F1/2 和 GATA 家族转录因子在帕米尔山羊绒生长期的起始和维持纤维质量中可能发挥作用。
