Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Human Viral Vaccine Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Virol J. 2021 Jan 22;18(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12985-021-01498-z.
The role of viruses as a cause of breast cancer (BC) has been significantly investigated in recent years. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in invasive breast carcinomas, while most studies have only focused on the detection of viral DNA, we aimed to examine the prevalence and genotypes of HPV among Iranian BC patients. We also examined the presence of herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in these samples.
We collected and analyzed 70 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) blocks including 59 BC samples, and 11 benign breast lesions as control from Iranian patients using nested PCR. Real-time PCR utilized as a confirming test to nested PCR findings. Genotyping of HPV positive samples was performed, the samples were also subjected to a multiplex PCR to detect HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV in BC.
Papillomavirus DNA was present in 7 of 59 BC samples (11.8%); while none was detected in control samples. The most prevalent type was HPV18, followed by HPV 6. All HPV positive patients had high tumor grades (II/ III) with a histologic diagnosis of ductal carcinoma. The patient age range was 33 to 73 years with a median of 51 years. Most of HPV positive patients had low levels of education. HPV16 was not detected. Also, 5 of 59 BC specimens (8.47%), were positive for HSV-1. But none of the samples were positive for HSV-2, VZV, and CMV.
Our results suggest a carcinogenesis role for High-risk HPV (HPV18) in breast tumors. Our findings of HSV-1 and low-risk HPV (HPV6) in BCs may propose a cancer-causing role for them. Further large-scale studies are warranted to assess the significance of our findings.
近年来，病毒作为乳腺癌（BC）的病因已得到广泛研究。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）已在浸润性乳腺癌中被检测到，而大多数研究仅集中于检测病毒 DNA，我们旨在检查 HPV 在伊朗 BC 患者中的流行率和基因型。我们还检查了这些样本中单纯疱疹病毒-1（HSV-1）、单纯疱疹病毒-2（HSV-2）、水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）的存在情况。
我们使用巢式 PCR 从伊朗患者中收集并分析了 70 个福尔马林固定石蜡包埋（FFPE）块，包括 59 个 BC 样本和 11 个良性乳腺病变作为对照。实时 PCR 用作巢式 PCR 结果的确认试验。对 HPV 阳性样本进行基因分型，还对这些样本进行多重 PCR 检测 BC 中的 HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV 和 CMV。
在 59 个 BC 样本中的 7 个（11.8%）中存在乳头瘤病毒 DNA，而在对照样本中均未检测到。最常见的类型是 HPV18，其次是 HPV6。所有 HPV 阳性患者的肿瘤分级均较高（II/III），组织学诊断为导管癌。患者年龄范围为 33 至 73 岁，中位数为 51 岁。大多数 HPV 阳性患者的受教育程度较低。未检测到 HPV16。此外，59 个 BC 标本中的 5 个（8.47%）为 HSV-1 阳性。但没有一个样本为 HSV-2、VZV 和 CMV 阳性。
我们的结果表明高危 HPV（HPV18）在乳腺肿瘤的发生中起致癌作用。我们在 BC 中发现 HSV-1 和低危 HPV（HPV6）可能表明它们具有致癌作用。需要进一步的大规模研究来评估我们发现的意义。
