Commisso Mauro, Guarino Francesco, Marchi Laura, Muto Antonella, Piro Amalia, Degola Francesca
Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Cà Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona (VR), Italy.
Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jan 21;10(2):203. doi: 10.3390/plants10020203.
Usually regarded as less evolved than their more recently diverged vascular sisters, which currently dominate vegetation landscape, bryophytes seem having nothing to envy to the defensive arsenal of other plants, since they had acquired a suite of chemical traits that allowed them to adapt and persist on land. In fact, these closest modern relatives of the ancestors to the earliest terrestrial plants proved to be marvelous chemists, as they traditionally were a popular remedy among tribal people all over the world, that exploit their pharmacological properties to cure the most different diseases. The phytochemistry of bryophytes exhibits a stunning assortment of biologically active compounds such as lipids, proteins, steroids, organic acids, alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic compounds, polyphenols, terpenoids, acetogenins and phenylquinones, thus it is not surprising that substances obtained from various species belonging to such ancestral plants are widely employed as antitumor, antipyretic, insecticidal and antimicrobial. This review explores in particular the antifungal potential of the three Bryophyta divisions-mosses (Musci), hornworts (Anthocerotae) and liverworts (Hepaticae)-to be used as a sources of interesting bioactive constituents for both pharmaceutical and agricultural areas, providing an updated overview of the latest relevant insights.
苔藓植物通常被认为比它们最近分化出来的维管植物姐妹进化程度低，而维管植物目前主导着植被景观。苔藓植物似乎无需羡慕其他植物的防御武器库，因为它们已经获得了一系列化学特性，使它们能够在陆地上适应并生存下来。事实上，这些最早陆地植物祖先的现存最近亲缘植物被证明是出色的化学家，因为在传统上，它们是世界各地部落人群常用的药物，人们利用它们的药理特性来治疗各种不同的疾病。苔藓植物的植物化学展现出一系列惊人的生物活性化合物，如脂质、蛋白质、类固醇、有机酸、醇类、脂肪族和芳香族化合物、多酚、萜类化合物、产乙酸素和苯基醌，因此，从这类原始植物的各种物种中提取的物质被广泛用作抗肿瘤、退热、杀虫和抗菌药物也就不足为奇了。本综述特别探讨了苔藓植物门的三个类群——藓类（苔藓纲）、角苔类和叶苔类——作为制药和农业领域有趣生物活性成分来源的抗真菌潜力，提供了最新相关见解的综述。
