Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ecology, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
Ecotoxicology. 2021 Mar;30(2):292-310. doi: 10.1007/s10646-021-02345-1. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of heavy metals on biological soil quality assessments in Vaccinium myrtillus L. rhizosphere soil as well as in non-rhizosphere soil from different polluted sites. The presented study was also conducted in order to determine any differences in the soil physicochemical and biological properties between the Vaccinium rhizosphere soil and the non-rhizosphere soil. The content of heavy metals and their potential bioavailability, content of macronutrients, physicochemical soil properties, activity of six soil enzymes and microarthropod communities were determined. Soil organic matter, the levels of C, N and all the studied macronutrients and almost all enzyme activity were significantly higher in the rhizosphere soil than in the non-rhizosphere soil. At the most contaminated site, the content of heavy metals was also higher in the rhizosphere soil, but their bioavailability was lower than in the non-rhizosphere soil. The β-glucosidase and urease activity in the soil correlated most negatively with the examined metals. The levels of two enzymes were also strongly impacted by the organic matter-the C and N levels and pH. The number of microarthropods as well as the QBS (soil biological quality index) and F (abundance-based fauna index) were higher in the rhizosphere soil. The bilberry rhizosphere soil had stronger correlation coefficient values between the measured parameters than the non-rhizosphere soil, which suggests that rhizosphere soil is more sensitive and could be used in the monitoring and assessment of forest ecosystems. β-glucosidase and urease were the most sensitive indicators of the adverse impact of Cd, Zn and Pb. The F index seems to be a better indicator than the QBS for identifying differences in soil quality.
本研究旨在确定重金属对越橘根际和非根际土壤生物质量评估的影响，以及不同污染地点的非根际土壤。本研究还旨在确定越橘根际土壤和非根际土壤之间在土壤理化和生物学性质方面的任何差异。测定了重金属含量及其潜在生物可利用性、大量养分含量、理化土壤性质、六种土壤酶活性和微型节肢动物群落。与非根际土壤相比，根际土壤中的土壤有机质、C、N 水平以及所有研究的大量养分和几乎所有酶活性都显著更高。在污染最严重的地点，根际土壤中的重金属含量也更高，但生物可利用性低于非根际土壤。土壤中的β-葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶活性与所研究的金属呈最负相关。这两种酶的水平也受到有机质（C 和 N 水平以及 pH 值）的强烈影响。根际土壤中的微型节肢动物数量以及 QBS（土壤生物质量指数）和 F（基于丰度的动物指数）更高。越橘根际土壤中测量参数之间的相关系数值高于非根际土壤，这表明根际土壤更敏感，可以用于森林生态系统的监测和评估。β-葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶是 Cd、Zn 和 Pb 不利影响的最敏感指标。与 QBS 相比，F 指数似乎是识别土壤质量差异的更好指标。
