Cilia Giovanni, Turchi Barbara, Fratini Filippo, Bilei Stefano, Bossù Teresa, De Marchis Maria Laura, Cerri Domenico, Pacini Maria Irene, Bertelloni Fabrizio
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, 00178 Rome, Italy.
Pathogens. 2021 Jan 20;10(2):93. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020093.
Wild boar is an animal the population of which constantly increases in Europe. This animal plays an important role as a reservoir for several pathogens, including three of the most important zoonoses: salmonellosis, yersiniosis and listeriosis. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant and virulence factor genes of spp., and isolated from wild boar in Tuscany (Central Italy). During two consequent hunting seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020), rectal swabs, spleens and livers were collected from 287 hunted wild boar to isolate strains. Each isolate was tested to investigate its antimicrobial resistance and to detect virulence factor genes by PCR. Eighteen strains (6.27%) were isolated. Of these, 66.7% were resistant to streptomycin, 13.4% to cephalothin, 6.67% to imipenem and one isolate (6.67%) was resistant simultaneously to five antimicrobials. Moreover, the most detected genes were (73.4%), (66.7%), (53.3%), and (46.7%). In total, 54 (17.8%) were isolated; of them, 26 (48.1%), 9 (16.7%), 17 (31.5%), 1 (1.85%) and 1 (1.85%) belonged to biotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. All strains (100%) demonstrated resistance to cephalothin and 70.4% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 55.6% to ampicillin, and 37.0% to cefoxitin. Additionally, the most detected genes were (25.9%), (24.1%), (22.2%), (18.5%) and (14.8%). Finally, only one isolate (0.35%) was obtained, belonging to serogroup IVb, serovar 4b, and it was found to be resistant to cefoxitin, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid. The results highlighted the role of wild boar as a carrier for pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant spp., and , representing a possible reservoir for domestic animals and human pathogens.
野猪是一种在欧洲数量持续增长的动物。这种动物作为多种病原体的宿主发挥着重要作用，包括三种最重要的人畜共患病原体：沙门氏菌病、耶尔森氏菌病和李斯特菌病。本研究的目的是评估从托斯卡纳（意大利中部）野猪中分离出的 spp.、 和 的耐抗菌药物及毒力因子基因的发生情况。在两个连续的狩猎季节（2018/2019年和2019/2020年），从287头被猎杀的野猪身上采集直肠拭子、脾脏和肝脏以分离菌株。对每个分离株进行测试，以研究其抗菌药物耐药性并通过聚合酶链反应检测毒力因子基因。分离出18株菌株（6.27%）。其中，66.7%对链霉素耐药，13.4%对头孢噻吩耐药，6.67%对亚胺培南耐药，一株分离株（6.67%）同时对五种抗菌药物耐药。此外，检测到最多的基因是 （73.4%）、 （66.7%）、 （53.3%）、 和 （46.7%）。总共分离出54株 （17.8%）；其中，26株（48.1%）、9株（16.7%）、17株（31.5%）、1株（1.85%）和1株（1.85%）分别属于生物型1、2、3、4和5。所有菌株（100%）对头孢噻吩耐药，70.4%对阿莫西林-克拉维酸耐药，55.6%对氨苄西林耐药，37.0%对头孢西丁耐药。此外，检测到最多的基因是 （25.9%）、 （24.1%）、 （22.2%）、 （18.5%）和 （14.8%）。最后，仅获得一株 分离株（0.35%），属于IVb血清群、4b血清型，并且发现其对头孢西丁、头孢噻肟和萘啶酸耐药。结果突出了野猪作为致病性和耐抗菌药物的 spp.、 和 的携带者的作用，代表了家畜和人类病原体的一个可能宿主。
