Area of Physiology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 22;18(3):939. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030939.
The first 1000 days of life seem to represent the temporal window of opportunity for modulating some of the risk factors associated with the later development of pathologies. Nonetheless, the dietary pattern and nutritional status of children receiving complementary feeding is still understudied. We aimed to assess the food intake in children from the LAyDI cohort (Spain) at 18 and 24 months of age and evaluate this in relation to nutrient requirements and bioactive compound consumption. This was a prospective and multicenter study analyzing information from administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency consumption in 426 children of 18 months and 336 of 24 months. The observed intake of vegetables, fruits, dairy, and eggs was lower than the recommendations in both periods, contrary to the consumption of meat, fish, and pulses. The consumption of energy and macronutrients was similar for all ages studied, with protein intake being slightly higher than the recommended values. Regarding micronutrients, practically the whole sample fell below the vitamin D requirements. In addition, the estimated daily intakes of vitamin E and iron, at 24 months, were below the recommended values for this population group. The mean intake of phenols was around 650 mg/day. Flavanol intake as well as both types of fiber decreased from 18 to 24 months. In conclusion, although these results have to be confirmed in other populations, it seems pertinent to propose the design of nutritional strategies aimed at increasing the intake of vitamins D and E as well as iron in Spanish children up to 2 years.
生命的头 1000 天似乎代表了调节与后来发病相关的一些风险因素的时间窗口。然而，接受补充喂养的儿童的饮食模式和营养状况仍研究不足。我们旨在评估来自 LAyDI 队列（西班牙）的儿童在 18 个月和 24 个月时的食物摄入量，并评估其与营养需求和生物活性化合物消耗的关系。这是一项前瞻性、多中心研究，分析了 426 名 18 个月和 336 名 24 个月儿童的一般特征和食物频率调查问卷信息。在这两个时期，蔬菜、水果、乳制品和蛋类的摄入量都低于推荐量，而肉类、鱼类和豆类的摄入量则相反。所有研究年龄的能量和宏量营养素的摄入量相似，蛋白质摄入量略高于推荐值。关于微量营养素，实际上几乎所有样本都低于维生素 D 的需求。此外，在 24 个月时，维生素 E 和铁的估计每日摄入量低于该人群的推荐值。酚类的平均摄入量约为 650 毫克/天。黄酮醇的摄入量以及两种类型的纤维从 18 个月到 24 个月都有所减少。总之，尽管这些结果需要在其他人群中得到证实，但似乎有必要提出旨在增加西班牙儿童维生素 D 和 E 以及铁摄入量的营养策略设计。
