Jones Roger A C
The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jan 25;10(2):233. doi: 10.3390/plants10020233.
The world's staple food crops, and other food crops that optimize human nutrition, suffer from global virus disease pandemics and epidemics that greatly diminish their yields and/or produce quality. This situation is becoming increasingly serious because of the human population's growing food requirements and increasing difficulties in managing virus diseases effectively arising from global warming. This review provides historical and recent information about virus disease pandemics and major epidemics that originated within different world regions, spread to other continents, and now have very wide distributions. Because they threaten food security, all are cause for considerable concern for humanity. The pandemic disease examples described are six (maize lethal necrosis, rice tungro, sweet potato virus, banana bunchy top, citrus tristeza, plum pox). The major epidemic disease examples described are seven (wheat yellow dwarf, wheat streak mosaic, potato tuber necrotic ringspot, faba bean necrotic yellows, pepino mosaic, tomato brown rugose fruit, and cucumber green mottle mosaic). Most examples involve long-distance virus dispersal, albeit inadvertent, by international trade in seed or planting material. With every example, the factors responsible for its development, geographical distribution and global importance are explained. Finally, an overall explanation is given of how to manage global virus disease pandemics and epidemics effectively.
全球主要粮食作物以及其他有助于优化人类营养的粮食作物，正遭受全球病毒病大流行和流行，这极大地降低了它们的产量和/或产品质量。由于人口对粮食的需求不断增长，以及全球变暖导致有效管理病毒病的难度日益增加，这种情况正变得越来越严重。本综述提供了有关病毒病大流行和主要流行的历史及最新信息，这些病毒病起源于世界不同地区，传播到其他大陆，如今分布极为广泛。由于它们威胁粮食安全，所有这些都引起了人类的极大关注。所描述的大流行疾病实例有六个（玉米致死坏死病、水稻东格鲁病、甘薯病毒病、香蕉束顶病、柑橘衰退病、李痘病）。所描述的主要流行疾病实例有七个（小麦黄矮病、小麦线条花叶病、马铃薯块茎坏死环斑病、蚕豆坏死黄化病、番木瓜花叶病、番茄褐色皱纹果病和黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病）。大多数实例都涉及种子或种植材料国际贸易导致的病毒远距离传播，尽管这种传播是无意的。针对每个实例，都解释了其发生、地理分布和全球重要性的成因。最后，全面阐述了如何有效管理全球病毒病大流行和流行。
