School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(16):4504-4525. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1876623. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
About one-third of the world population is suffering from iron deficiency. Delivery of iron through diet is a practical, economical, and sustainable approach. Clinical studies have shown that the consumption of iron-fortified foods is one of the most effective methods for the prevention of iron deficiency. However, supplementing iron through diet can cause undesirable side-effects. Thus, it is essential to develop new iron-rich ingredients, iron-fortified products with high bioavailability, better stability, and lower cost. It is also essential to develop newer processing technologies for more effective fortification. This review compared the iron supplementation strategies used to treat the highly iron-deficient population and the general public. We also reviewed the efficacy of functional (iron-rich) ingredients that can be incorporated into food materials to produce iron-fortified foods. The most commonly available foods, such as cereals, bakery products, dairy products, beverages, and condiments are still the best vehicles for iron fortification and delivery.Scope of reviewThe manuscript aims at providing a comprehensive review of the latest publications that cover three aspects: administration routes for iron supplementation, iron-rich ingredients used for iron supplementation, and iron-fortified foods.
世界上约有三分之一的人口患有缺铁症。通过饮食摄入铁是一种实用、经济且可持续的方法。临床研究表明，食用铁强化食品是预防缺铁症最有效的方法之一。然而，通过饮食补充铁可能会引起不良的副作用。因此，开发新的富铁成分、具有更高生物利用度、更好稳定性和更低成本的铁强化产品至关重要。开发更新的加工技术以实现更有效的强化也同样重要。
本综述比较了用于治疗高度缺铁人群和普通公众的铁补充策略。我们还回顾了可用于生产铁强化食品的功能性（富铁）成分的功效。最常见的食物，如谷物、烘焙食品、乳制品、饮料和调味料，仍然是铁强化和输送的最佳载体。
综述范围
铁补充的给药途径、用于铁补充的富铁成分以及铁强化食品。
