Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 38649, USA.
Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 38649, USA.
Poult Sci. 2021 Feb;100(2):654-662. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.035. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
Large variations in hatching egg incubation temperatures have been previously shown to negatively impact posthatch growth in broiler chickens. The objective was to determine whether small incubation temperature variations owing to incubator tray location (LOC) could alter posthatch female and male broiler growth performance and carcass characteristics. Broiler hatching eggs were obtained from a 40-week-old commercial broiler breeder flock and incubated in trays placed in the bottom (BOT), middle (MID), and top (TOP) thirds of the racks (n = 4 racks per incubator tray LOC) in a single-stage incubator in a commercial hatchery. Chicks hatched from the 3 LOC (n = 720 per LOC) were vent sexed, vaccinated, and separate-sex reared with 12 birds per pen in a floor-pen facility and fed a common corn and soybean meal-based diet for 41 d. At day 41, all birds (n = 720) were processed to determine carcass and carcass part yields and incidence and severity of the meat quality defects wooden breast (WB) and white striping (WS). No LOC × Sex interactions were observed (P > 0.05). Growth performance and incidence and severity of WB and WS were similar among LOC (P > 0.05). However, broilers from BOT trays had heavier tender and breast weights than broilers from warmer MID trays (P < 0.05). Broilers from the BOT trays had higher breast meat yield as a proportion of carcass weight (25.00%) than warmer MID (24.54%) broilers (P < 0.05). However, broilers from warmer MID trays had greater carcass yield than those from cooler TOP trays (P < 0.05). As expected, male broilers had heavier carcass, breast, tender, wings, drumsticks and thighs weights and were more severely affected by WB than females (P < 0.05). Overall, these data indicate that the inherent differences in environmental factors among incubation LOC can impact broiler carcass and breast meat yields.
先前的研究表明,种蛋孵化温度的大幅波动会对肉鸡出壳后的生长产生负面影响。本研究旨在确定孵化器托盘位置(LOC)引起的微小孵化温度变化是否会改变肉鸡出壳后的雌性和雄性生长性能和胴体特征。从 40 周龄的商业肉鸡种鸡群中获取肉鸡种蛋,并在商业孵化厂的单层孵化器中,将种蛋放置在机架底部(BOT)、中部(MID)和顶部(TOP)三分之一处的托盘内(每个孵化器托盘 LOC 有 4 个机架)。从 3 个 LOC 孵化的雏鸡(每个 LOC 720 只)进行泄殖腔性别鉴定、接种疫苗,并按性别分开饲养,每个鸡舍 12 只,在地板鸡舍设施中饲养 41 天,饲喂普通的玉米和豆粕基础日粮。第 41 天,所有鸡(720 只)均进行屠宰,以确定胴体和胴体部位产率以及肉质缺陷木质胸(WB)和白条纹(WS)的发生率和严重程度。未观察到 LOC×性别相互作用(P>0.05)。LOC 之间的生长性能以及 WB 和 WS 的发生率和严重程度相似(P>0.05)。然而,来自 BOT 托盘的肉鸡比来自较温暖的 MID 托盘的肉鸡具有更重的嫩肉和胸肉重量(P<0.05)。来自 BOT 托盘的肉鸡的胸肉产量占胴体重量的比例(25.00%)高于较温暖的 MID 托盘(24.54%)肉鸡(P<0.05)。然而,来自较温暖的 MID 托盘的肉鸡比来自较凉爽的 TOP 托盘的肉鸡具有更大的胴体产量(P<0.05)。正如预期的那样,雄性肉鸡的胴体、胸部、嫩肉、翅膀、鸡腿和大腿重量比雌性肉鸡更重,且 WB 严重程度更高(P<0.05)。总体而言,这些数据表明,孵化 LOC 之间环境因素的固有差异会影响肉鸡胴体和胸肉产量。