呼吸道标本中非结核分枝杆菌感染患者：一项 5 年的流行病学研究。
Patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory samples: a 5-year epidemiological study.
机构信息
Cristina Matesanz López, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Getafe, Carretera de Toledo km 12,500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
出版信息
Rev Esp Quimioter. 2021 Apr;34(2):120-125. doi: 10.37201/req/121.2020. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
OBJECTIVE
This study describes the characteristics of patients with positive cultures of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in respiratory samples and determines the risk factors that predispose for a reinfection with different NTM species.
METHODS
Patients with NTM isolates in respiratory samples between 2013 and 2017 were studied. Additionally, risk factors and comorbidities of reinfected patients were analyzed..
RESULTS
The study was focused on the 280 patients with NTM isolation (28 were reinfected with at least another species). Mycobacterium avium was the main isolated species. 68% were men. Median age was 73.2. Most remarkable risk factors were: tobacco, COPD and bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis turned out to be a statistically significant risk factor for reinfection. Only 12 patients (12.4%) were treated.
CONCLUSIONS
NTM were mainly identified in elderly patients. The most frequent comorbidities were COPD and smoking, whereas the most frequent species was M. avium. Previous bronchiectasis was a predisposing factor for reinfection.
目的
本研究描述了呼吸道样本中非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）阳性培养患者的特征，并确定了导致不同 NTM 物种再感染的危险因素。
方法
研究了 2013 年至 2017 年间呼吸道样本中分离出 NTM 的患者。此外，还分析了再感染患者的危险因素和合并症。
结果
该研究集中在 280 名 NTM 分离患者（28 名至少再次感染了另一种物种）。分枝杆菌属最主要的分离物种是鸟分枝杆菌。68%为男性。中位年龄为 73.2 岁。最显著的危险因素是：吸烟、COPD 和支气管扩张症。支气管扩张症是再感染的统计学显著危险因素。只有 12 名患者（12.4%）接受了治疗。
结论
NTM 主要在老年患者中被发现。最常见的合并症是 COPD 和吸烟，而最常见的物种是鸟分枝杆菌。既往支气管扩张症是再感染的一个危险因素。
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