Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
Phytochemistry. 2021 Apr;184:112660. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112660. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
This review is not intended to describe the triterpenes isolated from the Boswellia genus, since this information has been covered elsewhere. Instead, the aim is to provide insights into the biosynthesis of triterpenes in Boswellia. This genus, which has 24 species, displays fascinating structural diversity and produces a number of medicinally important triterpenes, particularly boswellic acids. Over 300 volatile components have been reported in the essential oil of Boswellia, and more than 100 diterpenes and triterpenes have been isolated from this genus. Given that no triterpene biosynthetic enzymes have yet been isolated from any members of the Boswellia genus, this review will cover the likely biosynthetic pathways as inferred from structures in nature and the probable types of biosynthetic enzymes based on knowledge of triterpene biosynthesis in other plant species. It highlights the importance of frankincense and the factors and threats affecting its production. It covers triterpene biosynthesis in the genus Boswellia, including dammaranes, tirucallic acids, lupanes, oleananes, ursanes and boswellic acids. Strategies for elucidating triterpene biosynthetic pathways in Boswellia are considered. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms behind wound-induced resin synthesis by the tree and related gene expression profiling are covered. In addition, the influence of the environment and the genotype on the biosynthesis of resin and on variations in the compositions and types of resins will also be reviewed.
这篇综述并不打算描述乳香属中分离得到的三萜类化合物，因为这方面的信息已经在其他地方有所涵盖。相反，本文旨在深入探讨乳香属中三萜类化合物的生物合成。乳香属有 24 个种，具有引人入胜的结构多样性，并产生了许多具有药用价值的三萜类化合物，特别是乳香酸。乳香属的挥发油中已报道有 300 多种挥发性成分，从该属分离出的二萜类和三萜类化合物超过 100 种。鉴于目前尚未从乳香属的任何成员中分离出任何三萜类生物合成酶，因此本综述将根据自然界中的结构推断可能的生物合成途径，并根据其他植物物种中三萜类生物合成的知识推断可能的生物合成酶类型。本文重点介绍了乳香的重要性以及影响其生产的因素和威胁。涵盖了乳香属中的三萜类生物合成，包括达玛烷、三萜酸、羽扇豆烷、齐墩果烷、乌苏烷和乳香酸。还考虑了阐明乳香属三萜类生物合成途径的策略。此外，还介绍了树体诱导树脂合成的可能机制及相关基因表达谱。此外，还将综述环境和基因型对树脂生物合成以及树脂成分和类型变化的影响。
