Hammond David, Reid Jessica L, Rynard Vicki L, O'Connor Richard J, Goniewicz Maciej L, Piper Megan E, Bansal-Travers Maansi
School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Tob Control. 2021 Feb 1. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056269.
The current study examined indicators of dependence among youth cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users in Canada, England and the USA, including changes between 2017 and 2019.
Data are from repeated cross-sectional online surveys conducted in 2017, 2018 and 2019 with national samples of youth aged 16-19 years, in Canada (n=12 018), England (n=11 362) and the USA (n=12 110). Measures included perceived addiction to cigarettes/e-cigarettes, frequency of experiencing strong urges to smoke/use an e-cigarette, plans to quit smoking/using e-cigarettes and past attempts to quit. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine differences between countries and changes over time.
The proportion of ever-users who vaped frequently was significantly higher in 2019 compared with 2017 for all outcomes in each country. Between 2017 and 2019, the proportion of past 30-day vapers reporting strong urges to vape on most days or more often increased in each country (Canada: 35.3%, adjusted OR (AOR) 1.69, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.38; England: 32.8%, AOR 1.55, 1.08 to 2.23; USA: 46.1%, AOR 1.88, 1.41 to 2.50), along with perceptions of being 'a little' or 'very addicted' to e-cigarettes (Canada: 48.3%, AOR 1.99, 1.44 to 2.75; England: 40.1%, AOR 1.44, 1.03 to 2.01; USA: 53.1%, AOR 1.99, 1.50 to 2.63). Indicators of dependence among smokers were consistently greater than e-cigarette users, although differences had narrowed by 2019, particularly in Canada and the USA.
Prevalence of dependence symptoms among young e-cigarette users increased between 2017 and 2019, more so in Canada and the USA compared with England. Dependence symptom prevalence was lower for e-cigarettes than smoking; however, the gap has narrowed over time.
本研究调查了加拿大、英国和美国青少年吸烟者和电子烟使用者的依赖指标，包括2017年至2019年期间的变化情况。
数据来自于2017年、2018年和2019年对加拿大（n = 12018）、英国（n = 11362）和美国（n = 12110）16 - 19岁青少年全国样本进行的重复横断面在线调查。测量指标包括对香烟/电子烟的感知成瘾性、经常强烈渴望吸烟/使用电子烟的频率、戒烟/停用电子烟的计划以及过去的戒烟尝试。采用逻辑回归模型来检验国家间的差异以及随时间的变化。
与2017年相比，2019年每个国家中经常吸电子烟的曾经使用者比例在所有结果中均显著更高。在2017年至2019年期间，每个国家中报告在大多数日子或更频繁地有强烈吸电子烟冲动的过去30天内吸电子烟者的比例有所增加（加拿大：35.3%，调整后比值比（AOR）1.69，95%置信区间1.20至2.38；英国：32.8%，AOR 1.55，1.08至2.23；美国：46.1%，AOR 1.88，1.41至2.50），同时对电子烟“有点”或“非常上瘾”的认知也有所增加（加拿大：48.3%，AOR 1.99，1.44至2.75；英国：40.1%，AOR 1.44，1.03至2.01；美国：53.1%，AOR 1.99，1.50至2.63）。吸烟者的依赖指标始终高于电子烟使用者，尽管到2019年差异有所缩小，在加拿大和美国尤为明显。
2017年至2019年期间，年轻电子烟使用者中依赖症状的患病率有所增加，与英国相比，加拿大和美国增加得更多。电子烟的依赖症状患病率低于吸烟；然而，随着时间的推移差距已经缩小。
