《COVID-19 疫情下立即推行远程办公预期的健康影响及对策建议：日本快速健康影响评估结果》
Anticipated health effects and proposed countermeasures following the immediate introduction of telework in response to the spread of COVID-19: The findings of a rapid health impact assessment in Japan.
机构信息
Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Medical Office, Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi, Japan.
出版信息
J Occup Health. 2021 Jan;63(1):e12198. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12198.
OBJECTIVES
The health effects of telework, which was introduced extensively in the immediate context of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Japan, on teleworkers, their families, and non-teleworkers, are unknown. Accordingly, we developed a rapid health impact assessment (HIA) to evaluate positive and negative health effects of telework on these groups and recommended easily implementable countermeasures.
METHODS
Immediately after an emergency was declared in Japan, we implemented a rapid, five-step HIA. We screened and categorized health effects of telework for the three above-mentioned groups, extracting their content, directionality, and likelihood. Following a scoping exercise to determine the HIA's overall implementation, five experienced occupational health physicians appraised and prioritized the screened items and added new items. We outlined specific countermeasures and disseminated the results on our website. A short-term evaluation was conducted by three external occupational health physicians and three nurses.
RESULTS
Following screening and appraisal, 59, 29, and 27 items were listed for teleworkers, non-teleworkers, and family members of teleworkers, respectively, covering work, lifestyle, disease and medical care, and home and community. Targeted countermeasures focused on the work environment, business management, communications, and lifestyles for teleworkers; safety and medical guidelines, work prioritization, and regular communication for non-teleworkers; and shared responsibilities within families and communication outside families for family members of teleworkers.
CONCLUSION
The HIA's validity and the countermeasures' practical applicability were confirmed by the external evaluators. They can be easily applied and adapted across diverse industries to mitigate the wider negative effects of telework and enhance its positive effects.
目的
在日本 COVID-19 大流行危机的背景下，远程办公得到了广泛推广，但其对远程办公者、他们的家人和非远程办公者的健康影响尚不清楚。因此，我们制定了一项快速健康影响评估（HIA），以评估远程办公对这些人群的积极和消极健康影响，并提出了易于实施的对策。
方法
在日本宣布紧急状态后，我们立即实施了一项快速的五步 HIA。我们对上述三组人群的远程办公健康影响进行了筛选和分类，提取其内容、方向性和可能性。在进行范围界定以确定 HIA 的整体实施情况后，五名经验丰富的职业健康医生对筛选出的项目进行评估和优先级排序，并添加了新项目。我们概述了具体的对策，并在我们的网站上发布了结果。由三名外部职业健康医生和三名护士进行了短期评估。
结果
经过筛选和评估，为远程办公者、非远程办公者和远程办公者的家庭成员分别列出了 59、29 和 27 项，涵盖了工作、生活方式、疾病和医疗保健以及家庭和社区。针对远程办公者的目标对策侧重于工作环境、业务管理、沟通和生活方式；针对非远程办公者的对策侧重于安全和医疗指南、工作优先级和定期沟通；针对远程办公者家庭成员的对策侧重于家庭内的共同责任和家庭外的沟通。
结论
外部评估人员确认了 HIA 的有效性和对策的实际适用性。这些对策可以在不同行业中轻松应用和调整，以减轻远程办公的负面影响，并增强其积极影响。
Zotero 插件