School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2021;49:147-167. doi: 10.1007/7854_2020_199.
This chapter aims to familiarise the reader with a diverse and fast-growing literature concerning the role that habits play in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Core concepts will be introduced, including how the balance between habits and a more deliberate form of action selection (goal-directed control) has traditionally been measured and how cross-species translation, neuroscience tools, and computational modelling have been used to build on these basic principles and reveal core mechanisms under study today. Next, the application of these methods to the study of OCD and related disorders will be detailed, converging on a theory that enhanced habit expression, and indeed compulsions in OCD, might arise from deficits in goal-directed control systems. These basic findings will be contextualised in terms of major tide changes in the field, including the shift from categorical disease frameworks to dimensional ones. Mechanistically, recent research concerning how goal-directed deficits arise, perhaps through failures in the construction of a mental model, are discussed along with studies critically evaluating our ability to measure habits in humans, in a laboratory setting. The chapter ends with a nod to the future, focusing on the need for clinically oriented, longitudinal, and intervention-based research that aim to translate what is now a wealth of cross-sectional mechanistic insights to the clinic.
本章旨在使读者熟悉有关习惯在强迫症（OCD）中所起作用的多元化和快速发展的文献。将介绍核心概念，包括传统上如何衡量习惯与更有意识的行动选择（目标导向控制）之间的平衡，以及如何利用跨物种翻译、神经科学工具和计算模型来扩展这些基本原则并揭示当前研究的核心机制。接下来，将详细介绍这些方法在 OCD 和相关障碍研究中的应用，得出一个理论，即 OCD 中增强的习惯表达，甚至是强迫行为，可能源于目标导向控制系统的缺陷。这些基本发现将从该领域的主要趋势变化方面进行背景化，包括从分类疾病框架向维度框架的转变。从可能通过心智模型构建失败导致的目标导向缺陷的出现，讨论最近的研究，以及批判性评估我们在实验室环境中测量人类习惯的能力的研究。本章以对未来的展望结束，重点关注需要以临床为导向、纵向和基于干预的研究，旨在将目前大量的横断面机制见解转化为临床实践。
